Van Orden G C, Johnston J C, Hale B L
Department of Psychology, University of Colorado School of Medicine.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1988 Jul;14(3):371-86. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.14.3.371.
Van Orden (1987) reported that false positive errors in a categorization task are elevated for homophonic foils (e.g., HARE for A PART OF THE HUMAN BODY). Two new experiments replicate this finding and extend it to nonword homophone foils (e.g., SUTE FOR AN ARTICLE OF CLOTHING). False positive errors to nonword homophone foils substantially exceed false positive errors to nonhomophonic nonword spelling controls, showing that the phonological characteristics of the nonword foils are critical. Because nonwords are not represented in the lexicon, this new result implicates computed phonological codes as a source of the categorization errors. Additionally, in each of two experiments, matched word and nonword homophones produced virtually identical error rates. If stimulus nonword homophones are viewed as extremely unfamiliar words, compared with the relatively familiar stimulus word homophones, then our failure to observe an effect of stimulus familiarity strengthens the case that phonological coding plays a role in the identification of all printed words. The fact that the results are obtained in a categorization task that requires reading for meaning (rather than a lexical decision task) makes it difficult to avoid the conclusion that phonological mediation plays a role in normal reading of text for meaning.
范·奥登（1987年）报告称，在分类任务中，同音干扰项（例如，用“HARE”来干扰表示“人体的一部分”的单词）会导致更高的误报错误率。两项新实验重复了这一发现，并将其扩展到非词同音干扰项（例如，用“SUTE”来干扰表示“一件衣服”的单词）。非词同音干扰项的误报错误率大大超过非同音非词拼写对照的误报错误率，这表明非词干扰项的语音特征至关重要。由于非词在词汇表中没有对应表示，这一新结果表明计算出的语音代码是分类错误的一个来源。此外，在两项实验中的每一项中，匹配的单词和非词同音词产生的错误率几乎相同。如果将刺激非词同音词视为极其不熟悉的单词，与相对熟悉的刺激词同音词相比，那么我们未能观察到刺激熟悉度的影响，这进一步证明了语音编码在所有印刷单词的识别中发挥作用。在一项需要阅读以理解意义的分类任务（而不是词汇判断任务）中获得这些结果，这使得我们很难避免得出这样的结论：语音中介在正常阅读文本以理解意义的过程中发挥作用。
