Lukatela G, Turvey M T
Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, New Haven 06510.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 1994 Jun;123(2):107-28. doi: 10.1037//0096-3445.123.2.107.
In 9 experiments, a target word (e.g., frog) was named following an associate (TOAD), or a word (e.g., TOWED) or nonword (e.g., TODE) homophonic with the associate. At brief (e.g., 50 ms) stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs), the 3 primes produced equal associative priming. At a long SOA (250 ms), priming by TOAD was matched by TODE but not by TOWED. Equal priming at brief SOAs by the 3 primes and no priming by orthographic controls (TOLD, TORD) suggests that lexical access is initially phonological. TOWED priming less than TODE at SOA = 250 ms suggests that phonologically activated representations whose input orthography does not match the addressed spelling (available only for words) are eventually suppressed. Phonological constraints on lexical access precede and set the stage for orthographic constraints.
在9项实验中，目标词（如“青蛙”）是在一个联想词（“蟾蜍”）之后被命名的，或者是一个与联想词同音的单词（如“拖”）或非单词（如“托德”）。在短暂的（如50毫秒）刺激起始异步（SOA）情况下，这3种启动词产生了相等的联想启动效应。在较长的SOA（250毫秒）时，“蟾蜍”的启动效应与“托德”匹配，但与“拖”不匹配。这3种启动词在短暂SOA时的相等启动效应以及正字法控制词（“告诉”、“托德”）没有启动效应，表明词汇通达最初是语音层面的。在SOA = 250毫秒时，“拖”的启动效应小于“托德”，这表明语音激活的表征，其输入正字法与所寻址的拼写不匹配（仅适用于单词）最终会被抑制。词汇通达的语音限制先于正字法限制并为其奠定基础。
