Sakuma N, Sasanuma S, Tatsumi I F, Masaki S
Department of Language and Cognition, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Japan.
Mem Cognit. 1998 Jan;26(1):75-87. doi: 10.3758/bf03211371.
Correspondences between spelling and sound for Japanese kanji are complex and deep. The meaning of kanji words has generally been assumed to be accessed directly from orthography without phonological mediation. Experiment 1, however, replicated the findings of Van Orden (1987) that subjects made more false-positive errors on homophone foils than they did on nonhomophone controls in a semantic decision task, although they did so only when the foils were orthographically similar to the correct exemplars, which indicates both orthographic and phonological activations of meaning. Experiment 2 showed the same results when subjects were not required to pronounce the target words after semantic decisions, which indicates automatic phonological activation of kanji words. In Experiment 3, under pattern-masking conditions, this homophony effect was reduced but remained on errors, and the orthographic-similarity effect remained strong on both homophone and nonhomophone foils. These results suggest that both orthography and phonology play an important role in the comprehension of kanji words.
日语汉字的拼写与发音之间的对应关系复杂而深刻。一般认为，汉字词的意义是直接从正字法中获取的，无需语音中介。然而，实验1重复了范·奥登（1987）的研究结果，即在语义判断任务中，被试在同音异形干扰项上犯的假阳性错误比在非同音异形控制项上更多，不过只有当干扰项在正字法上与正确示例相似时才会如此，这表明意义的正字法和语音激活都存在。实验2表明，当被试在语义判断后无需读出目标词时，也会得到相同的结果，这表明汉字词存在自动语音激活。在实验3中，在模式掩蔽条件下，这种同音效应有所减弱，但在错误情况中仍然存在，并且正字法相似性效应在同音异形和非同音异形干扰项上都仍然很强。这些结果表明，正字法和语音在汉字词的理解中都起着重要作用。
