Eusebi P G, Cortés O, Carleos C, Dunner S, Cañon J
Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Departamento de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
J Anim Breed Genet. 2018 Jun;135(3):170-177. doi: 10.1111/jbg.12325. Epub 2018 Apr 26.
The identification of genomic regions including signatures of selection produced by domestication and its subsequent artificial selection processes allows the understanding of the evolution of bovine breeds. Although several studies describe the genomic variability among meat or milk production cattle breeds, there are limited studies orientated towards bovine behavioural features. This study is focused on mapping genomic signatures of selection which may provide insights of differentiation between neutral and selected polymorphisms. Their effects are studied in the Lidia cattle traditionally selected for agonistic behaviour compared with Spanish breeds showing tamed behaviour. Two different approaches, BayeScan and SelEstim, were applied using genotypic 50K SNP BeadChip data. Both procedures detected two genomic regions bearing genes previously related to behavioural traits. The frequencies of the selected allele in these two regions in Lidia breed were opposite to those found in the tamed breeds. In these genomic regions, several putative genes associated with enriched metabolic pathways related to the behavioural development were identified, as neurochondrin gene (NCDN) or glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 3 (GRIK3) both located at BTA3 or leucine-rich repeat and Ig domain containing 2 (LINGO2) and phospholipase A2-activating protein (PLAA) at BTA8.
鉴定包括驯化及其后续人工选择过程所产生的选择特征在内的基因组区域，有助于理解牛品种的进化。尽管有多项研究描述了肉用或乳用牛品种之间的基因组变异性，但针对牛行为特征的研究却很有限。本研究聚焦于绘制选择的基因组特征图谱，这可能为中性多态性和选择多态性之间的差异提供见解。将传统上因争斗行为而被选育的利迪亚牛与表现出温顺行为的西班牙品种进行比较，研究这些特征的影响。使用基因型50K SNP芯片数据应用了两种不同的方法，即BayeScan和SelEstim。这两种方法都检测到了两个携带先前与行为特征相关基因的基因组区域。利迪亚品种中这两个区域所选等位基因的频率与温顺品种中的相反。在这些基因组区域中，鉴定出了几个与行为发育相关的富集代谢途径相关的推定基因，如位于BTA3的神经软骨素基因（NCDN）或谷氨酸离子型受体红藻氨酸型亚基3（GRIK3），以及位于BTA8的富含亮氨酸重复序列和Ig结构域的蛋白2（LINGO2）和磷脂酶A2激活蛋白（PLAA）。
