Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
Trends Microbiol. 2018 Sep;26(9):769-780. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2018.04.001. Epub 2018 Apr 24.
Intracellular pathogens have developed elegant mechanisms to modulate host endosomal trafficking. The highly conserved retromer pathway has emerged as an important target of viruses and intravacuolar bacteria. Some pathogens require retromer function to survive. For others, retromer activity restricts intracellular growth; these pathogens must disrupt retromer function to survive. In this review, we discuss recent paradigm changes to the current model for retromer assembly and cargo selection. We highlight how the study of pathogen effectors has contributed to these fundamental insights, with a special focus on the biology and structure of two recently described bacterial effectors, Chlamydia trachomatis IncE and Legionella pneumophila RidL. These two pathogens employ distinct strategies to target retromer components and overcome restriction of intracellular growth imposed by retromer.
细胞内病原体已开发出巧妙的机制来调节宿主内体运输。高度保守的逆行运输途径已成为病毒和囊泡内细菌的重要靶点。一些病原体需要逆行运输途径的功能才能存活。对于其他病原体来说，逆行运输途径的活性会限制其在细胞内的生长；这些病原体必须破坏逆行运输途径的功能才能存活。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了当前逆行运输途径组装和货物选择模型的最新范式变化。我们强调了病原体效应物的研究如何为这些基本见解做出了贡献，特别关注了最近描述的两种细菌效应物沙眼衣原体 IncE 和嗜肺军团菌 RidL 的生物学和结构。这两种病原体采用不同的策略来靶向逆行运输途径的成分，并克服由逆行运输途径施加的对细胞内生长的限制。
