Kucinski Aaron, Lustig Cindy, Sarter Martin
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Behav Brain Res. 2018 Sep 17;350:139-148. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.04.045. Epub 2018 Apr 26.
Cognitive-motivational vulnerability traits are associated with increased risk for substance addiction and relapse. Sign-tracking (ST) behavior in rats is associated with poor attentional control, mediated by an unresponsive basal forebrain cholinergic system, and an increased risk for substance addiction/relapse. A separate literature links poor attentional control and cholinergic losses to increased fall risk in Parkinson's disease. Here we tested the hypothesis that the relatively inferior attentional control of STs extends to complex movement control and a propensity for falls. STs were found to fall more often than goal-trackers (GTs) while traversing a straight rotating rod and, similar to human fallers, when taxed by a secondary task. Furthermore, STs fell more often while traversing a rotating zig-zag rod. GTs exhibited fewer falls from this rod by avoiding entry to the rotating zig-zag sections when in, or rotating toward, a difficult traversal state. Goal-tracking rats approached risky movement situations using strategies indicative of superior top-down control. These results suggest that the impact of opponent cognitive-cholinergic traits extends to complex movement control, and that impairments in the cognitive-motor interface are likely to be comorbid with addiction vulnerability. Sign-tracking indexes an endophenotype that may increase the risk for a wide range of neurobehavioral disorders.
认知动机易损特质与物质成瘾及复发风险增加相关。大鼠的信号追踪（ST）行为与注意力控制不佳有关，这是由反应迟钝的基底前脑胆碱能系统介导的，并且物质成瘾/复发风险增加。另一项文献将注意力控制不佳和胆碱能丧失与帕金森病跌倒风险增加联系起来。在这里，我们测试了这样一个假设，即信号追踪者相对较差的注意力控制延伸到复杂运动控制和跌倒倾向。结果发现，在穿过直的旋转杆时，信号追踪者比目标追踪者（GT）更容易跌倒，并且与人类跌倒者类似，在执行第二项任务时也更容易跌倒。此外，在穿过旋转的之字形杆时，信号追踪者跌倒的次数更多。目标追踪者通过在处于或朝着困难穿越状态时避免进入旋转的之字形部分，从而减少了从该杆上跌倒的次数。目标追踪大鼠使用表明具有卓越自上而下控制能力的策略来应对危险的运动情况。这些结果表明，对立的认知 - 胆碱能特质的影响延伸到复杂运动控制，并且认知 - 运动界面的损伤可能与成瘾易感性并存。信号追踪索引了一种内表型，可能会增加广泛的神经行为障碍的风险。
