评估一种用于捕获空气污染物和病原体（包括人类流感病毒和鼻病毒）的呼吸面罩。
Assessment of a respiratory face mask for capturing air pollutants and pathogens including human influenza and rhinoviruses.
作者信息
Zhou S Steve, Lukula Salimatu, Chiossone Cory, Nims Raymond W, Suchmann Donna B, Ijaz M Khalid
机构信息
Microbac Laboratories, Sterling, VA, USA.
RMC Pharmaceutical Solutions, Inc., Longmont, CO, USA.
出版信息
J Thorac Dis. 2018 Mar;10(3):2059-2069. doi: 10.21037/jtd.2018.03.103.
BACKGROUND
Prevention of infection with airborne pathogens and exposure to airborne particulates and aerosols (environmental pollutants and allergens) can be facilitated through use of disposable face masks. The effectiveness of such masks for excluding pathogens and pollutants is dependent on the intrinsic ability of the masks to resist penetration by airborne contaminants. This study evaluated the relative contributions of a mask, valve, and Micro Ventilator on aerosol filtration efficiency of a new N95 respiratory face mask.
METHODS
The test mask was challenged, using standardized methods, with influenza A and rhinovirus type 14, bacteriophage ΦΧ174, (. ), and model pollutants. The statistical significance of results obtained for different challenge microbial agents and for different mask configurations (masks with operational or nonoperational ventilation fans and masks with sealed Smart Valves) was assessed.
RESULTS
The results demonstrate >99.7% efficiency of each test mask configuration for exclusion of influenza A virus, rhinovirus 14, and . and >99.3% efficiency for paraffin oil and sodium chloride (surrogates for PM). Statistically significant differences in effectiveness of the different mask configurations were not identified. The efficiencies of the masks for excluding smaller-size (i.e., rhinovirus and bacteriophage ΦΧ174) larger-size microbial agents (influenza virus, . ) were not significantly different.
CONCLUSIONS
The masks, with or without features intended for enhancing comfort, provide protection against both small- and large-size pathogens. Importantly, the mask appears to be highly efficient for filtration of pathogens, including influenza and rhinoviruses, as well as the fine particulates (PM) present in aerosols that represent a greater challenge for many types of dental and surgical masks. This renders this individual-use N95 respiratory mask an improvement over the former types of masks for protection against a variety of environmental contaminants including PM and pathogens such as influenza and rhinoviruses.
背景
使用一次性口罩有助于预防空气传播病原体感染以及避免接触空气传播的微粒和气溶胶（环境污染物和过敏原）。此类口罩排除病原体和污染物的有效性取决于其本身抵抗空气传播污染物穿透的能力。本研究评估了口罩、阀门和微型通风器对新型N95呼吸面罩气溶胶过滤效率的相对贡献。
方法
采用标准化方法，使用甲型流感病毒、14型鼻病毒、噬菌体ΦΧ174以及模型污染物对测试口罩进行挑战。评估了针对不同挑战微生物剂以及不同口罩配置（带有运行或不运行通风风扇的口罩以及带有密封智能阀的口罩）所获得结果的统计学显著性。
结果
结果表明，每种测试口罩配置对甲型流感病毒、14型鼻病毒和噬菌体ΦΧ174的排除效率>99.7%，对石蜡油和氯化钠（PM的替代物）的排除效率>99.3%。未发现不同口罩配置在有效性方面存在统计学显著差异。口罩对较小尺寸（即鼻病毒和噬菌体ΦΧ174）和较大尺寸微生物剂（流感病毒）的排除效率没有显著差异。
结论
无论有无旨在提高舒适度的功能，这些口罩都能提供针对大小病原体的防护。重要的是，该口罩似乎对包括流感病毒和鼻病毒在内的病原体以及气溶胶中存在的细颗粒物（PM）具有高效过滤能力，而气溶胶中的细颗粒物对许多类型的牙科和外科口罩构成了更大挑战。这使得这种个人使用的N95呼吸面罩在防护包括PM以及流感和鼻病毒等病原体在内的各种环境污染物方面优于以前的口罩类型。
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