Aquaculture Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, The Ohio State University South Centers, 1864 Shyville Road, Piketon, Ohio, 45661, USA.
Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
Sci Rep. 2018 May 2;8(1):6891. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-25269-z.
Stress enhances the disease susceptibility in fish by altering the innate immune responses, which are essential defense mechanisms. The use of probiotics is increasingly popular in the aquaculture industry. Yellow perch is a promising candidate for aquaculture. We investigated the efficiency of a mixed Bacillus species in minimizing the potential problems resulting from husbandry practices such as hypoxia and exposure to air in yellow perch. We showed that hypoxia and air exposure conditions induced a significant reduction in the early innate immune response (lysozyme activity, interferon-induced-GTP-binding protein-Mx1 [mx], interleukin-1β [il1β], serum amyloid-A [saa]), and a substantial increase in cortisol, heat shock protein (Hsp70), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), superoxide dismutase (Sod1) that associated with a decline in insulin-like growth factor-1 (Igf1). Mixed Bacillus species administration improved the early innate responses, reduced cortisol, Hsp70, Gpx and Sod1, and elevated Igf1 levels. Bacillus species treated group showed faster recovery to reach the baseline levels during 24 h compared to untreated group. Therefore, mixed Bacillus species may enhance yellow perch welfare by improving the stress tolerance and early innate immune response to counterbalance the various husbandry stressors. Further studies are warranted to investigate the correlations between the aquaculture practices and disease resistance in yellow perch.
应激通过改变先天免疫反应增强鱼类的疾病易感性，而先天免疫反应是至关重要的防御机制。益生菌的使用在水产养殖行业越来越受欢迎。黄鲈是一种有前途的水产养殖候选品种。我们研究了混合芽孢杆菌在最小化水产养殖实践（如缺氧和暴露于空气中）可能带来的问题方面的效率，这些问题会对黄鲈产生影响。结果表明，缺氧和暴露于空气中的条件会显著降低早期先天免疫反应（溶菌酶活性、干扰素诱导的 GTP 结合蛋白-Mx1 [mx]、白细胞介素-1β [il1β]、血清淀粉样蛋白-A [saa]），同时皮质醇、热休克蛋白（Hsp70）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（Gpx）和超氧化物歧化酶（Sod1）的水平会大幅增加，这与胰岛素样生长因子-1（Igf1）的下降有关。混合芽孢杆菌的给药可以改善早期的先天反应，降低皮质醇、Hsp70、Gpx 和 Sod1 的水平，并提高 Igf1 的水平。与未处理组相比，芽孢杆菌处理组在 24 小时内更快地恢复到基线水平。因此，混合芽孢杆菌可以通过提高黄鲈的应激耐受性和早期先天免疫反应来改善其福利，以应对各种养殖应激源。需要进一步的研究来调查水产养殖实践与黄鲈抗病性之间的相关性。
