State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.
Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, P. R. China.
J Microbiol. 2018 May;56(5):346-355. doi: 10.1007/s12275-018-7486-8. Epub 2018 May 2.
Gut microbial diversity and the core microbiota of the Jinhua pig, which is a traditional, slow-growing Chinese breed with a high body-fat content, were examined from a total of 105 fecal samples collected from 6 groups of pigs at 3 weaning ages that originated from 2 strains and were raised on 3 different pig farms. The bacterial community was analyzed following high-throughput pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes, and the fecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured by gas chromatograph. Our results showed that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla, and Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Clostridium, SMB53, and Bifidobacterium were the most abundant genera. Fifteen predominant genera present in every Jinhua pig sample constituted a phylogenetic core microbiota and included the probiotics Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and the SCFA-producing bacteria Clostridium, Prevotella, Bacteroides, Coprococcus, Roseburia, Ruminococcus, Blautia, and Butyricicoccus. Comparisons of the microbiota compositions and SCFA concentrations across the 6 groups of pigs demonstrated that genetic background and weaning age affected the structure of the gut microbiota more significantly than the farm. The relative abundance of the core genera in the pigs, including Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Prevotella, Bacteroides, Roseburia, Ruminococcus, Blautia, and Butyricicoccus varied dramatically in pigs among the 2 origins and 3 weaning ages, while Oscillospira, Megasphaera, Parabacteroides, and Corynebacterium differed among pigs from different farms. Interestingly, there was a more significant influence of strain and weaning age than of rearing farm on the SCFA concentrations. Therefore, strain and weaning age appear to be the more important factors shaping the intestinal microbiome of pigs.
从源自两个品系的 6 组 3 个不同断奶年龄的猪共采集 105 份粪便样本，检测金华猪（一种脂肪含量高、生长缓慢的传统中国品种）的肠道微生物多样性和核心微生物群。通过高通量 16S rRNA 基因焦磷酸测序分析细菌群落，并用气相色谱法测量粪便短链脂肪酸 (SCFA) 浓度。结果表明，厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门是主要的门，乳杆菌属、链球菌属、梭菌属、SMB53 和双歧杆菌属是最丰富的属。15 个存在于每个金华猪样本中的主要属构成了一个系统发育核心微生物群，其中包括益生菌乳杆菌属和双歧杆菌属，以及产 SCFA 的细菌梭菌属、普雷沃氏菌属、拟杆菌属、粪球菌属、罗氏菌属、瘤胃球菌属、布劳特氏菌属、丁酸球菌属。对 6 组猪的微生物群组成和 SCFA 浓度进行比较表明，遗传背景和断奶年龄对肠道微生物群结构的影响比农场更为显著。包括乳杆菌属、梭菌属、普雷沃氏菌属、拟杆菌属、罗氏菌属、瘤胃球菌属、布劳特氏菌属和丁酸球菌属在内的核心属在来自两个品系和 3 个断奶年龄的猪中的相对丰度差异很大，而来自不同农场的猪中的 Oscillospira、Megasphaera、Parabacteroides 和 Corynebacterium 则不同。有趣的是，品系和断奶年龄对 SCFA 浓度的影响比饲养场更显著。因此，品系和断奶年龄似乎是影响猪肠道微生物组的更重要因素。
