Zhang Lihua, Xu Chen, Yan Weiping, Sun Ning, Zhao Hongxiang, Feng Yanchun, Tan Guobo, Bian Shaofeng
Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Research, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science/Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China, Changchun, 130033, China.
Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science/Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China, Changchun, 130033, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Feb 20;15(1):6150. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-89778-4.
Returning straw to the field can increase soil organic matter content, improve soil physical and chemical properties, enhance soil biological activity, and thus improve soil fertility. However, returning straw to the field has problems such as slow decomposition rate and delayed nutrient release. Reasonable water management is one of the important measures to improve the effectiveness of returning maize straw to the field. To explore soil moisture management measures suitable for maize straw decomposition, nitrogen release, maize yield increase, and efficient water utilization, a 2-year study was conducted in a movable rain shelter. Set three irrigation quotas, namely 200 mm, 350 mm, and 500 mm (represented by I 200, I 350, and I 500), and two straw return methods, straw returning and not returning to the field were represented by SR and CK, respectively. The experimental results showed that the decomposition rate and nitrogen release rate of I 350 were significantly greater than those under the other irrigation treatments. There was no significant difference in plant nitrogen uptake or maize yield between I 350 and I 500, but the values were significantly greater than those in I 200. The water use efficiency of I 350 treatment group was significantly greater than that of I 500 treatment group. Returning straw to the field has only a compensatory effect on the nitrogen uptake and transport of plants under some low irrigation levels. Under these experimental conditions, I 350 was more conducive to straw decomposition, straw nitrogen release, maize nitrogen uptake, maize yield increase, and efficient water use. This study can provide a theoretical reference for soil moisture management under straw return conditions in semi-arid areas of Jilin Province, China.
秸秆还田能增加土壤有机质含量，改善土壤理化性质，增强土壤生物活性，从而提高土壤肥力。然而，秸秆还田存在分解速率慢、养分释放延迟等问题。合理的水分管理是提高玉米秸秆还田效果的重要措施之一。为探索适合玉米秸秆分解、氮素释放、玉米增产及高效水分利用的土壤水分管理措施，在可移动防雨棚内进行了为期两年的研究。设置了三个灌溉定额，即200毫米、350毫米和500毫米（分别用I 200、I 350和I 500表示），以及两种秸秆还田方式，秸秆还田和不还田分别用SR和CK表示。试验结果表明，I 350处理的秸秆分解速率和氮素释放速率显著高于其他灌溉处理。I 350和I 500处理的植株氮素吸收量或玉米产量无显著差异，但均显著高于I 200处理。I 350处理组的水分利用效率显著高于I 500处理组。秸秆还田仅在一些低灌溉水平下对植株的氮素吸收和转运有补偿作用。在这些试验条件下，I 350更有利于秸秆分解、秸秆氮素释放、玉米氮素吸收、玉米增产及高效水分利用。本研究可为中国吉林省半干旱地区秸秆还田条件下的土壤水分管理提供理论参考。
