Food Contaminants Division, Food Safety Evaluation Department, National Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea.
Food Contaminants Division, Food Safety Evaluation Department, National Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea.
Food Res Int. 2018 Jun;108:274-279. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.03.061. Epub 2018 Mar 22.
Paralytic shellfish poisoning is caused by saxitoxin and its analogues. The paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are produced by marine dinoflagellates and can be accumulated in filter feeding shellfish, such as mussel, clam, oyster and ark shell. The worldwide regulatory limits for PSTs in shellfish are set at 80 μg STX eq./100 g meat and this is widely accepted as providing adequate public health protection. In this study, we have determined five individual PSTs (STX, GTX1, GTX2, GTX3 and GTX4) in shellfish using LC-MS/MS and assessed the human acute and chronic exposures to PSTs through shellfish consumption. Food consumption data was obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2010-2015). The acute exposure using a large portion size of 88 g/day (95th percentile for consumers only) with maximum toxin level of 198.7 μg/kg was 0.30 μg/kg bw. Even though we estimated the acute exposure with a conservative manner, it was below the ARfDs (0.5 or 0.7 μg STX eq./kg bw) proposed by the international organizations, representing 43-60% of the ARfDs. The chronic exposures using mean consumption data for whole population with mean concentration of PSTs were ranged from 0.002 to 0.026 μg STX eq./kg bw/day. For consumers only, the chronic exposures were in the range of 0.012-0.128 μg STX eq./kg bw/day.
麻痹性贝类毒素中毒由石房蛤毒素及其类似物引起。麻痹性贝类毒素（PSTs）由海洋甲藻产生，可在滤食贝类（如贻贝、蛤、牡蛎和扇贝）中积累。贝类 PSTs 的全球监管限量设定为 80μg STX eq/100g 肉，这被广泛认为能充分保障公众健康。在这项研究中，我们使用 LC-MS/MS 法测定贝类中的五种单体 PSTs（石房蛤毒素、GTX1、GTX2、GTX3 和 GTX4），并通过贝类消费评估人类对 PSTs 的急性和慢性暴露。食物消费数据来自韩国国家健康和营养调查（KNHANES 2010-2015）。采用 88g/天（仅消费者的 95 分位值）的大份食用量和 198.7μg/kg 的最大毒素水平进行急性暴露，其暴露量为 0.30μg/kg bw。尽管我们以保守的方式估算了急性暴露，但仍低于国际组织提出的 ARfDs（0.5 或 0.7μg STX eq/kg bw），占 ARfDs 的 43-60%。使用 PSTs 平均浓度的全人群平均消费数据进行慢性暴露，范围为 0.002 至 0.026μg STX eq/kg bw/天。仅对于消费者，慢性暴露范围为 0.012-0.128μg STX eq/kg bw/天。
