Department of Physics and Astronomy, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Nat Commun. 2018 May 8;9(1):1826. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04259-9.
Coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) has been widely applied in the physical and biological sciences using synchrotron radiation, X-ray free-electron laser, high harmonic generation, electrons, and optical lasers. One of CDI's important applications is to probe dynamic phenomena with high spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we report the development of a general in situ CDI method for real-time imaging of dynamic processes in solution. By introducing a time-invariant overlapping region as real-space constraint, we simultaneously reconstructed a time series of complex exit wave of dynamic processes with robust and fast convergence. We validated this method using optical laser experiments and numerical simulations with coherent X-rays. Our numerical simulations further indicated that in situ CDI can potentially reduce radiation dose by more than an order of magnitude relative to conventional CDI. With further development, we envision in situ CDI could be applied to probe a range of dynamic phenomena in the future.
相干衍射成像（CDI）已经广泛应用于物理和生物科学领域，包括利用同步辐射、X 射线自由电子激光、高次谐波产生、电子和光学激光。CDI 的一个重要应用是用高时空分辨率探测动态现象。在这里，我们报告了一种通用的原位 CDI 方法的发展，用于实时成像溶液中的动态过程。通过引入一个时不变的重叠区域作为实空间约束，我们同时对动态过程的复杂出射波进行了一系列时间序列的重建，具有稳健和快速的收敛性。我们使用光学激光实验和相干 X 射线的数值模拟验证了这种方法。我们的数值模拟进一步表明，与传统 CDI 相比，原位 CDI 有可能将辐射剂量降低一个数量级以上。随着进一步的发展，我们设想原位 CDI 将来可以应用于探测一系列动态现象。
