3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal.
J Cell Physiol. 2018 Oct;233(10):6395-6405. doi: 10.1002/jcp.26637. Epub 2018 May 9.
Tendons are mechanosensitive tissues that connect and transmit the forces generated by muscles to bones by allowing the conversion of mechanical input into biochemical signals. These physical forces perform the fundamental work of preserving tendon homeostasis assuring body movements. However, overloading causes tissue injuries, which leads us to the field of tendon regeneration. Recently published reviews have broadly shown the use of biomaterials and different strategies to attain tendon regeneration. In this review, our focus is the use of magnetic fields as an alternative therapy, which has demonstrated clinical relevance in tendon medicine because of their ability to modulate cell fate. Yet the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms still need to be elucidated. While providing a brief outlook about specific signalling pathways and intracellular messengers as framework in play by tendon cells, application of magnetic fields as a subcategory of physical forces is explored, opening up a compelling avenue to enhance tendon regeneration. We outline here useful insights on the effects of magnetic fields both at in vitro and in vivo levels, particularly on the expression of tendon genes and inflammatory cytokines, ultimately involved in tendon regeneration. Subsequently, the potential of using magnetically responsive biomaterials in tendon tissue engineering is highlighted and future directions in magnetotherapy are discussed.
肌腱是一种机械敏感组织，通过将机械输入转化为生化信号，将肌肉产生的力传递并连接到骨骼上。这些物理力起着维持肌腱内稳态的基本作用，确保身体运动。然而，过度负荷会导致组织损伤，这就促使我们进入了肌腱再生领域。最近发表的综述广泛展示了使用生物材料和不同策略来实现肌腱再生。在这篇综述中，我们的重点是使用磁场作为一种替代疗法，由于其调节细胞命运的能力，它在肌腱医学中具有临床相关性。然而，其潜在的细胞和分子机制仍有待阐明。虽然提供了关于特定信号通路和细胞内信使的简要展望，作为肌腱细胞发挥作用的框架，但磁场的应用作为物理力的一个子类进行了探讨，为增强肌腱再生开辟了一条引人注目的途径。我们在这里概述了磁场在体外和体内水平上的作用的有用见解，特别是对肌腱基因和炎症细胞因子表达的影响，这些基因和炎症细胞因子最终参与了肌腱再生。随后，强调了在肌腱组织工程中使用磁响应生物材料的潜力，并讨论了磁疗的未来方向。
