Trevisi Paolo, Luise Diana, Correa Federico, Bosi Paolo
Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
Microorganisms. 2021 Feb 3;9(2):313. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9020313.
The pig gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is an open ecosystem in which microorganisms and their host are mutually involved and continually adapt to different factors and problems which may or may not be host dependent or due to the production system. The aim of the present review is to highlight the factors affecting the GIT microbial balance in young pigs, focusing on the pre- and post-weaning phases, to define a road map for improving pig health and the production efficiency of the food chain. Birth and weaning body weight, physiological maturation, colostrum and milk (composition and intake), genetic background, environmental stressors and management practices, antibiotic use and diet composition are considered. Overall, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the effect that some factors, including weaning age, the use of creep feed, the composition of the colostrum and milk and the use of antibiotics, may have on the gut microbiome of piglets. Furthermore, the information on the gut microbiome of piglets is mainly based on the taxonomy description, while there is a lack of knowledge regarding the functional modification of the microbiota, essential for the exploitation of microbiota potential for modulating pig physiology.
猪的胃肠道（GIT）是一个开放的生态系统，其中微生物与其宿主相互作用，并不断适应各种因素和问题，这些因素可能取决于宿主，也可能不取决于宿主，或者与生产系统有关。本综述的目的是强调影响仔猪胃肠道微生物平衡的因素，重点关注断奶前和断奶后阶段，以确定改善猪健康和食物链生产效率的路线图。考虑的因素包括出生和断奶体重、生理成熟度、初乳和乳汁（成分和摄入量）、遗传背景、环境应激源和管理措施、抗生素使用和日粮组成。总体而言，对于一些因素，如断奶年龄、教槽料的使用、初乳和乳汁的成分以及抗生素的使用，对仔猪肠道微生物群可能产生的影响，我们还缺乏了解。此外，关于仔猪肠道微生物群的信息主要基于分类学描述，而对于微生物群的功能修饰，即利用微生物群调节猪生理功能的潜力所必需的知识却很匮乏。
