Bakarey Adeleye Solomon, Olaniyan Oluwaseun Deborah
a Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training , College of Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria.
b Department of Virology , College of Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria.
J Immunoassay Immunochem. 2018;39(4):377-389. doi: 10.1080/15321819.2018.1467928. Epub 2018 May 14.
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is one of the most infectious diseases worldwide and a major public health concern. In spite of efforts at controlling the scourge globally, HBV continues to thrive in developing countries, such as Nigeria due to ignorance on its mode of transmission and its asymptomatic nature in the populace. Therefore, this community-based study was carried out in Yemetu community in Ibadan, Nigeria to determine the burden of HBV infection among asymptomatic residents of this community.
Blood samples were aseptically collected from consenting 150 participants, male (m = 49) and female (f = 101), age ranged 15->55 years (Median age = 27.3 years). Astructured questionnaire was used to capture demographic data and other relevant information from these participants. Sera from these samples were tested for HBsAg using a 3rd generation Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent-Assay (ELISA) Wantai HBV Diagnostics kit. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and ANOVA at 95% CI with P < 0.05 considered as significant.
An overall seroprevalence rate for HBV in this study was 7.3%. HBV infection was higher among male (8.2%) than in female (6.7%), 1.4 times higher in male compared to their female counterparts (OR = 1.37, 95%CI 1.01-2.06) and also statistically significant (P = 0.043). Participants in the age groups 25-34 (10.3%) and >55 (4.2%) years had highest and lowest rates of HBV infection, respectively. Further analysis of the results by occupation shows that HBV infection was highest among Artisans (10.7%), followed by Students (6.9%) and Traders (6.9%) and lowest (5.6%) among Civil servants who are sexually active, married and unmarried. However, these differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.081).
This study reported relatively high prevalence for HBV infection among asymptomatic population, which is of public health importance and this calls for urgent attention. Therefore, public sensitization on HBV transmission and control for all through voluntary counseling and testing is advocated.
乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染是全球最具传染性的疾病之一，也是一个主要的公共卫生问题。尽管全球都在努力控制这一祸害，但由于对其传播方式的无知以及在民众中无症状的特性，HBV在尼日利亚等发展中国家仍持续肆虐。因此，在尼日利亚伊巴丹的耶梅图社区开展了这项基于社区的研究，以确定该社区无症状居民中HBV感染的负担情况。
从150名自愿参与的参与者（男性49名，女性101名）身上无菌采集血液样本，年龄范围为15至55岁以上（中位年龄=27.3岁）。使用结构化问卷收集这些参与者的人口统计学数据和其他相关信息。使用第三代酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）万泰HBV诊断试剂盒对这些样本的血清进行HBsAg检测。数据在95%置信区间使用卡方检验和方差分析进行分析，P<0.05被视为具有统计学意义。
本研究中HBV的总体血清流行率为7.3%。男性的HBV感染率（8.2%）高于女性（6.7%），男性感染率是女性的1.4倍（比值比=1.37，95%置信区间1.01-2.06），且在统计学上也具有显著性（P=0.043）。年龄在25至34岁（10.3%）和55岁以上（4.2%）的参与者中，HBV感染率分别最高和最低。按职业对结果进行的进一步分析表明，HBV感染率在工匠中最高（10.7%），其次是学生（6.9%）和商人（6.9%），在性活跃、已婚和未婚的公务员中最低（5.6%）。然而，这些差异在统计学上并不显著（P=0.081）。
本研究报告了无症状人群中HBV感染的相对高流行率，这具有公共卫生重要性，需要紧急关注。因此，提倡通过自愿咨询和检测对所有人进行HBV传播及控制方面的公众宣传。
