Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n - Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - CONICET, Argentina.
Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n - Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Oct 1;637-638:665-671. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.044. Epub 2018 May 11.
Consumption of green vegetable products is commonly viewed as a potential risk factor for infection with enteric viruses. The link between vegetable crops and fecally contaminated irrigation water establishes an environmental scenario that can result in a risk to human health. The aim of this work was to analyze the enteric viral quality in leafy green vegetables from Córdoba (Argentina) and its potential association with viral contamination of irrigation waters. During July-December 2012, vegetables were collected from peri-urban green farms (n = 19) and its corresponding urban river irrigation waters (n = 12). Also, urban sewage samples (n = 6) were collected to analyze the viral variants circulating in the community. Viruses were eluted and concentrated by polyethylene glycol precipitation and then were subject to Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction to assess the genome presence of norovirus, rotavirus and human astrovirus. The concentrates were also inoculated in HEp-2 (Human Epidermoid carcinoma strain #2) cells to monitor the occurrence of infective enterovirus. The frequency of detection of the viral groups in sewage, irrigation water and crops was: norovirus 100%, 67% and 58%, rotavirus 100%, 75% and 5%, astrovirus 83%, 75% and 32% and infective enterovirus 50%, 33% and 79%, respectively. A similar profile in sewage, irrigation water and green vegetables was observed for norovirus genogroups (I and II) distribution as well as for rotavirus and astrovirus G-types. These results provide the first data for Argentina pointing out that green leafy vegetables are contaminated with a broad range of enteric viruses and that the irrigation water would be a source of contamination. The presence of viral genomes and infective particles in food that in general suffer minimal treatment before consumption underlines that green crops can act as potential sources of enteric virus transmission. Public intervention in the use of the river waters as irrigation source is needed.
食用绿色蔬菜产品通常被视为感染肠道病毒的潜在危险因素。蔬菜作物与粪便污染的灌溉水之间的联系构成了一种环境场景，可能对人类健康造成威胁。本研究的目的是分析来自阿根廷科尔多瓦的叶菜类蔬菜中的肠道病毒质量及其与灌溉水病毒污染的潜在关联。2012 年 7 月至 12 月，从城市周边的绿色农场（n=19）和城市河流灌溉水（n=12）中采集蔬菜。此外，还采集了城市污水样本（n=6）以分析社区中循环的病毒变体。通过聚乙二醇沉淀洗脱和浓缩病毒，然后进行逆转录聚合酶链反应以评估诺如病毒、轮状病毒和人类星状病毒的基因组存在情况。浓缩物还接种在 HEp-2（人表皮癌细胞株 2 号）细胞中以监测感染性肠病毒的发生情况。在污水、灌溉水和作物中检测到病毒组的频率分别为：诺如病毒 100%、67%和 58%，轮状病毒 100%、75%和 5%，星状病毒 83%、75%和 32%，感染性肠病毒 50%、33%和 79%。污水、灌溉水和绿叶蔬菜中观察到诺如病毒基因群（I 和 II）分布以及轮状病毒和星状病毒 G 型的相似模式。这些结果为阿根廷提供了首次数据，表明绿叶蔬菜受到广泛的肠道病毒污染，而灌溉水是污染的来源。在食用前通常会受到最低限度处理的食品中存在病毒基因组和感染性颗粒，这表明绿色作物可能成为肠道病毒传播的潜在来源。需要对使用河水作为灌溉水源进行公共干预。
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