Petit Elisabeth, Bourdin Hubert, Tio Grégory, Yenil Omer, Haffen Emmanuel, Mougin Fabienne
UPFR Sports, 31, chemin de l'Epitaphe, 25030 Besançon, France.
EA3920 and Exercise Performance Health Innovation Platform, Hauts de Chazal, 25030 Besançon, France.
Int J Sports Med. 2018 Jul;39(7):508-516. doi: 10.1055/a-0599-0888. Epub 2018 May 14.
Post-lunch sleepiness belongs to biological rhythms. Athletes take a nap to counteract afternoon circadian nadir, in prevision of disturbed sleep. This study examined the effects of brief post-lunch nap on vigilance in young and healthy athletes. The P300 components, physiological and cognitive performances were assessed either after nap or rest, following a night of normal sleep (NSC) or simulated jet lag condition (5-h advance-JLC). P300 wave is the positive deflection at about 300 ms in response to a rare stimulus, representing higher information processing. P300 amplitude reflects the amount of attention allocated whereas P300 latency reflects time spent on stimulus classification. P300 amplitude was significantly increased (Fz:11.14±3.0vs9.05±3.2 µV; p<0.05) and P300 latency was shorter (Pz:327.16±18.0vs344.90±17.0 ms; p<0.01) after nap in NSC. These changes were accompanied by lower subjective sleepiness (19.7±9.6vs27.5±16.5; p<0.05) and decrease in mean reaction times (MRT: divided attention, 645.1±74.2vs698±80.4 ms; p<0.05). In contrast, in JLC, only P300 amplitudes (Fz:10.30±3.1vs7.54±3.3 µV; p<0.01 and Cz: 11.48±3.1vs9.77±3.6 µV; p<0.05) increased but P300 latencies or MRT did not improve. These results indicated improvements in speed of stimulus evaluation time. Napping positively impacts on cognitive processing, especially when subjects are on normal sleep schedules. A nap should be planned for athletes whose performance requires speedy and accurate decisions.
午餐后困倦属于生物节律。运动员午睡以对抗下午的昼夜节律最低点，为应对睡眠干扰做准备。本研究考察了短暂的午餐后小睡对年轻健康运动员警觉性的影响。在正常睡眠一晚（NSC）或模拟时差条件（提前5小时-JLC）后，分别在午睡或休息后评估P300成分、生理和认知表现。P300波是对罕见刺激做出反应时约300毫秒处的正向偏转，代表更高层次的信息处理。P300波幅反映分配的注意力量，而P300潜伏期反映刺激分类所花费的时间。在NSC中，午睡后P300波幅显著增加（Fz：11.14±3.0对9.05±3.2微伏；p<0.05），P300潜伏期缩短（Pz：327.16±18.0对344.90±17.0毫秒；p<0.01）。这些变化伴随着主观困倦程度降低（19.7±9.6对27.5±16.5；p<0.05）以及平均反应时间缩短（MRT：分散注意力，645.1±74.2对698±80.4毫秒；p<0.05）。相比之下，在JLC中，只有P300波幅增加（Fz：10.30±3.1对7.54±3.3微伏；p<0.01和Cz：11.48±3.1对9.77±3.6微伏；p<0.05），但P300潜伏期或MRT没有改善。这些结果表明刺激评估时间的速度有所提高。午睡对认知处理有积极影响，尤其是当受试者处于正常睡眠时间表时。对于那些表现需要快速准确决策的运动员，应该安排午睡。
