Rajchert Joanna, Konopka Karolina, Boguszewski Paweł
1 The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw, Poland.
2 Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland.
Evol Psychol. 2018 Apr-Jun;16(2):1474704918775253. doi: 10.1177/1474704918775253.
Research shows that interpersonal rejection increases aggression and decreases helping toward the rejecter. Based on the assumptions of the evolutionary approach, it was hypothesized that aggression would be higher and helping would be lower after rejection by a same-sex rather than an opposite-sex other. Moreover, it was predicted that the effect for aggression would be stronger in men, and the effect for helping would be stronger in women. Participants ( N = 100) were rejected or accepted by a same- or opposite-sex person, and later aggression and helping were measured using the tangram Help-Hurt task. The major finding was that same-sex rejection resulted in more aggression and less helping than opposite-sex rejection, but the rejectee's sex did not moderate the effect. Instead, men were more aggressive and less helping independently of condition. Along with the sexual exchange theory, more negative behavior in same-sex rejection could be interpreted as raised in-group sexual competitive tendencies, whereas less negative behavior in opposite-sex rejection could result from the motivation to exchange resources between men and women.
研究表明，人际排斥会增加攻击性，并减少对排斥者的帮助。基于进化方法的假设，有人提出假说，即被同性而非异性排斥后，攻击性会更高，帮助行为会更少。此外，研究预测，攻击性方面的影响在男性中会更强，而帮助行为方面的影响在女性中会更强。参与者（N = 100）被同性或异性拒绝或接受，随后使用七巧板帮助 - 伤害任务来测量攻击性和帮助行为。主要发现是，同性排斥比异性排斥导致更多的攻击性和更少的帮助行为，但被排斥者的性别并未调节这种影响。相反，无论处于何种情况，男性都更具攻击性且更少提供帮助。与性交换理论一致，同性排斥中更多的负面行为可以解释为群体内性竞争倾向增强，而异性排斥中较少的负面行为可能源于男女之间资源交换的动机。
