Rajchert Joanna, Konopka Karolina, Oręziak Hubert, Dziechciarska Weronika
The Maria Grzegorzewska University.
J Soc Psychol. 2023 Jan 2;163(1):126-143. doi: 10.1080/00224545.2022.2042173. Epub 2022 Mar 2.
The present studies consider the influence of exclusion on aggressive behavior depending on the target of the aggression and the gender of the aggressor. Previous studies have shown that after exclusion, aggressive behavior occurs toward the excluder as well as toward innocent bystanders. However, there is also evidence that men have a greater tendency toward direct aggression and women have a greater tendency toward displaced aggression. In Studies 1 ( = 89) and 2 ( = 120), participants were ostracized, in Studies 3 ( = 88) and 4 ( = 133), participants were rejected. Then, aggressive behavior toward the excluder or bystander was measured. The results confirmed the gender differences hypothesis, but only in the case of ostracism. After ostracism, more retaliatory aggression was observed in men, and more displaced aggression was noted in women. Rejection resulted in generalized aggressive behavior directed toward the excluder and the bystander in men and women. The results are discussed in light of Sexual Selection Theory.
本研究根据攻击目标和攻击者性别，考察了被排斥对攻击行为的影响。以往研究表明，被排斥后，攻击行为会指向排斥者以及无辜旁观者。然而，也有证据表明，男性更倾向于直接攻击，而女性更倾向于替代性攻击。在研究1（n = 89）和研究2（n = 120）中，参与者被排斥；在研究3（n = 88）和研究4（n = 133）中，参与者被拒绝。然后，测量针对排斥者或旁观者的攻击行为。结果证实了性别差异假说，但仅在被排斥的情况下。被排斥后，男性表现出更多报复性攻击，女性表现出更多替代性攻击。拒绝导致男性和女性对排斥者和旁观者都表现出普遍的攻击行为。研究结果根据性选择理论进行了讨论。
