Rajchert Joanna, Żółtak Tomasz, Szulawski Michał, Jasielska Dorota
Department of Applied Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw, Poland.
Educational Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
Front Psychol. 2019 Apr 9;10:764. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00764. eCollection 2019.
Studies show that rejection increases negative affect and aggression and decreases helping behavior toward the excluder. Less is known about emotions and behavior after rejection by a friend for someone else. In two experimental studies ( = 101 and = 169), we tested the predictions that rejection would feel worse in a close relationship but would result in less aggression and more reconnecting behavior, especially when the reasons for rejection were unknown. The results of Study 1 showed that, as expected, among acquaintances, more aggression was noted only after comparative rejection, but among strangers, aggression was also observed after rejection with no stated reason. Negative feelings toward a new acquaintance were only marginally stronger than those toward a stranger in Study 1, but Study 2 confirmed that rejection by a best friend, and especially comparative rejection by a friend, felt worse than other conditions. Study 2 also showed that reconnecting behavior was more likely to dominate over aggressive behavior between people in close relationships than between strangers. The results are discussed mostly in light of the multimotive model of rejection.
研究表明，被排斥会增加负面情绪和攻击性，并减少对排斥者的帮助行为。对于因他人而被朋友排斥后的情绪和行为，我们了解得较少。在两项实验研究中（研究1有101名参与者，研究2有169名参与者），我们检验了以下预测：在亲密关系中，被排斥会让人感觉更糟糕，但会导致更少的攻击性和更多的重新建立联系的行为，尤其是当排斥的原因不明时。研究1的结果表明，正如预期的那样，在熟人中，只有在比较性排斥后才会观察到更多的攻击性，但在陌生人中，无理由排斥后也会观察到攻击性。在研究1中，对新认识的人的负面情绪仅略强于对陌生人的负面情绪，但研究2证实，被最好的朋友排斥，尤其是被朋友进行比较性排斥，比其他情况感觉更糟。研究2还表明，与陌生人相比，亲密关系中的人之间重新建立联系的行为比攻击性行为更有可能占主导地位。我们主要根据排斥的多动机模型对研究结果进行了讨论。
