原位 X 射线衍射研究在铝电池中氯铝酸根阴离子-石墨插层
An operando X-ray diffraction study of chloroaluminate anion-graphite intercalation in aluminum batteries.
机构信息
Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan.
出版信息
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 May 29;115(22):5670-5675. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1803576115. Epub 2018 May 14.
We investigated rechargeable aluminum (Al) batteries composed of an Al negative electrode, a graphite positive electrode, and an ionic liquid (IL) electrolyte at temperatures down to -40 °C. The reversible battery discharge capacity at low temperatures could be superior to that at room temperature. In situ/operando electrochemical and synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments combined with theoretical modeling revealed stable AlCl/graphite intercalation up to stage 3 at low temperatures, whereas intercalation was reversible up to stage 4 at room temperature (RT). The higher-degree anion/graphite intercalation at low temperatures affords rechargeable Al battery with higher discharge voltage (up to 2.5 V, a record for Al battery) and energy density. A remarkable cycle life of >20,000 cycles at a rate of 6C (10 minutes charge time) was achievable for Al battery operating at low temperatures, corresponding to a >50-year battery life if charged/discharged once daily.
我们研究了可在低至-40°C 温度下工作的可充式铝（Al）电池，其由 Al 负电极、石墨正电极和离子液体（IL）电解质组成。低温下电池的可逆放电容量可能优于室温下的容量。原位/操作电化学和同步加速器 X 射线衍射实验结合理论建模表明，在低温下稳定的 AlCl/石墨插层可达 3 阶段，而在室温下（RT）插层可逆至 4 阶段。在低温下，更高阶的阴离子/石墨插层使可充式 Al 电池具有更高的放电电压（高达 2.5 V，为 Al 电池的记录）和能量密度。在低温下运行的 Al 电池，以 6C 的速率（充电时间为 10 分钟）可实现超过 20,000 次循环的显著循环寿命，这相当于如果每天充电/放电一次，则电池寿命超过 50 年。
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