Liao Shengfa F, Nyachoti Martin
Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA.
Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
Anim Nutr. 2017 Dec;3(4):331-343. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2017.06.007. Epub 2017 Jul 8.
To maintain a healthy gut is definitely key for a pig to digest and absorb dietary nutrients efficiently. A balanced microbiota (i.e., a healthy micro-ecosystem) is an indispensable constituent of a healthy gut. Probiotics, the live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer good health benefits onto the host, are a category of feed additives that can be used to replenish the gut microbial population while recuperating the host immune system. Besides their antitoxin and diarrhea reduction effects, dietary supplementation of probiotics can improve gut health, nutrient digestibilities and, therefore, benefit nutrient utilization and growth performance of pigs. Current knowledge in the literature pertinent to the beneficial effects of utilizing various probiotics for swine production has been comprehensively reviewed, and the safety and the risk issues related to probiotic usage have also been discussed in this paper. Considering that the foremost cost in a swine operation is feed cost, feed efficiency holds a very special, if not the paramount, significance in commercial swine production. Globally, the swine industry along with other animal industries is moving towards restricting and eventually a total ban on the usage of antibiotic growth promoters. Therefore, selection of an ideal alternative to the in-feed antibiotics to compensate for the lost benefits due to the ban on the antibiotic usage is urgently needed to support the industry for profitable and sustainable swine production. As is understood, a decision on this selection is not easy to make. Thus, this review paper aims to provide some much needed up-to-date knowledge and comprehensive references for swine nutritionists and producers to refer to before making prudent decisions and for scientists and researchers to develop better commercial products.
维持猪的肠道健康对于其有效消化和吸收日粮营养物质绝对至关重要。平衡的微生物群（即健康的微生态系统）是健康肠道不可或缺的组成部分。益生菌是一类饲料添加剂，是活的微生物，当给予足够数量时，能给宿主带来良好的健康益处，可用于补充肠道微生物群落，同时恢复宿主免疫系统。除了具有抗毒素和减少腹泻的作用外，日粮中添加益生菌还可以改善肠道健康、提高养分消化率，从而有利于猪的养分利用和生长性能。本文全面综述了文献中有关利用各种益生菌对养猪生产有益作用的现有知识，并讨论了与益生菌使用相关的安全性和风险问题。考虑到养猪生产中最主要的成本是饲料成本，饲料效率在商业养猪生产中即便不是最重要的，也具有非常特殊的意义。在全球范围内，养猪业以及其他动物产业正朝着限制并最终全面禁止使用抗生素生长促进剂的方向发展。因此，迫切需要选择一种理想的饲料抗生素替代品，以弥补因禁止使用抗生素而损失的益处，从而支持养猪业实现盈利和可持续生产。众所周知，做出这种选择并非易事。因此，本综述旨在为猪营养学家和生产者在做出审慎决策前提供一些急需的最新知识和全面的参考文献，也为科学家和研究人员开发更好的商业产品提供参考。
