Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service,Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona,08193 Bellaterra,Spain.
Animal. 2018 Dec;12(12):2489-2498. doi: 10.1017/S1751731118000873. Epub 2018 May 3.
Intensive farming may involve the use of diets, environments or management practices that impose physiological and psychological stressors on the animals. In particular, early weaning is nowadays a common practice to increase the productive yield of pig farms. Still, it is considered one of the most critical periods in swine production, where piglet performance can be seriously affected and where they are predisposed to the overgrowth of opportunistic pathogens. Pig producers nowadays face the challenge to overcome this situation in a context of increasing restrictions on the use of antibiotics in animal production. Great efforts are being made to find strategies to help piglets overcome the challenges of early weaning. Among them, a nutritional strategy that has received increasing attention in the last few years is the use of probiotics. It has been extensively documented that probiotics can reduce digestive disorders and improve productive parameters. Still, research in probiotics so far has also been characterized as being inconsistent and with low reproducibility from farm to farm. Scientific literature related to probiotic effects against gastrointestinal pathogens will be critically examined in this review. Moreover, the actual practical approach when using probiotics in these animals, and potential strategies to increase consistency in probiotic effects, will be discussed. Thus, considering the boost in probiotic research observed in recent years, this paper aims to provide a much-needed, in-depth review of the scientific data published to-date. Furthermore, it aims to be useful to swine nutritionists, researchers and the additive industry to critically consider their approach when developing or using probiotic strategies in weaning piglets.
集约化养殖可能涉及使用饲料、环境或管理实践，这些因素会给动物带来生理和心理压力。特别是，早期断奶如今是提高养猪场生产效益的常见做法。尽管如此，它仍然被认为是猪生产中最关键的时期之一，在此期间，仔猪的性能可能会受到严重影响，并且它们容易被机会性病原体过度生长。如今，猪生产者面临着在动物生产中抗生素使用限制日益增加的情况下克服这一局面的挑战。人们正在努力寻找策略，帮助仔猪克服早期断奶的挑战。其中，一种在过去几年中受到越来越多关注的营养策略是使用益生菌。大量文献证明，益生菌可以减少消化紊乱并提高生产参数。然而，到目前为止，益生菌的研究也被认为是不一致的，并且从一个农场到另一个农场的重复性低。本文将批判性地审查与益生菌对胃肠道病原体的作用相关的科学文献。此外，还将讨论在这些动物中使用益生菌的实际实践方法以及提高益生菌效果一致性的潜在策略。因此，考虑到近年来益生菌研究的增长，本文旨在提供对迄今为止发表的科学数据的深入、急需的综述。此外，它旨在为猪营养学家、研究人员和添加剂行业提供有用的信息，以便在为断奶仔猪制定或使用益生菌策略时批判性地考虑他们的方法。
