Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
Am J Sports Med. 2018 Jul;46(8):1997-2003. doi: 10.1177/0363546518773048. Epub 2018 May 16.
Although batters are frequently hit by pitch (HBP) in baseball, the effect of HBP injuries remains undefined in the literature.
To determine the effect of HBP injuries in terms of time out of play, injury patterns resulting in the greatest time out of play, and the value of protective gear such as helmets and elbow pads.
Descriptive laboratory study.
Based on the Major League Baseball (MLB) Health and Injury Tracking System, all injuries to batters HBP during the 2011-2015 MLB and Minor League Baseball (MiLB) seasons were identified and analyzed. Video analysis was performed on all HBP events from the 2015 MLB season. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis was utilized to determine the predictive capacity of multiple variables (velocity, pitch type, location, etc) on injury status and severity.
A total of 2920 HBP injuries resulted in 24,624 days missed (DM) over the 5 seasons. MLB HBP injuries occurred at a rate of 1 per 2554 plate appearances (1 per 9780 pitches thrown). Mean DM per injury were 8.4 (11.7 for MLB vs 8.0 for MiLB, P < .001). Surgery was required for 3.1% of MLB injuries and 1.2% of MiLB injuries ( P = .005). The most common body regions injured were the hand/fingers (n = 638, 21.8%), head/face (n = 497, 17.0%), and elbow (n = 440, 15.7%), and there were 146 (5.0%) concussions. Injury rates and mean DM correlated with velocity in a near linear fashion. Players hit in the head/face (odds ratio, 28.7) or distal upper extremity (odds ratio, 6.4) were more likely to be injured than players HBP in other locations. Players with an unprotected elbow missed 1.7 more days (95% CI, -4.1 to 7.6) than those with an elbow protector ( P = .554) when injured after being HBP.
CONCLUSION/CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although HBP injuries occur infrequently in the course of normal play, they collectively represent a significant source of time out of play. The most common body regions injured include the hands/fingers and head/face, and batters hit in these locations are significantly more likely to be injured. After contusions, concussions were the most common injury diagnosis.
尽管棒球比赛中击球员经常被球击中(HBP),但 HBP 伤的影响在文献中仍未得到明确界定。
确定 HBP 伤在出场时间、导致出场时间最长的伤模式以及头盔和护肘等防护装备的价值方面的影响。
描述性实验室研究。
基于美国职业棒球大联盟(MLB)健康和伤跟踪系统,确定并分析了 2011-2015 年 MLB 和小联盟棒球(MiLB)赛季中所有因 HBP 伤的击球员的伤。对 2015 年 MLB 赛季的所有 HBP 事件进行视频分析。利用多元逐步回归分析确定多个变量(速度、投球类型、位置等)对伤状况和严重程度的预测能力。
在 5 个赛季中,共有 2920 例 HBP 伤导致 24624 天缺阵(DM)。MLB 的 HBP 伤发生率为每 2554 次击球 1 次(每 9780 次投球 1 次)。平均每个伤的 DM 为 8.4 天(MLB 为 11.7 天,MiLB 为 8.0 天,P<.001)。3.1%的 MLB 伤和 1.2%的 MiLB 伤需要手术(P=.005)。受伤最常见的身体部位是手/手指(n=638,21.8%)、头/脸(n=497,17.0%)和肘部(n=440,15.7%),有 146 例(5.0%)为脑震荡。伤率和平均 DM 与速度呈近线性相关。与击中其他部位的击球员相比,击中头/脸(优势比,28.7)或远端上肢(优势比,6.4)的击球员更有可能受伤。在被 HBP 击中后受伤的无肘部保护的击球员比有肘部保护的击球员多缺阵 1.7 天(95%CI,-4.1 至 7.6)(P=.554)。
结论/临床相关性:尽管 HBP 伤在正常比赛中很少发生,但它们共同构成了一个重要的出场时间损失源。受伤最常见的身体部位包括手/手指和头/脸,击中这些部位的击球员更有可能受伤。除挫伤外,脑震荡是最常见的伤诊断。