Reference Unit Specialized in Maternal-Child and Adolescent Care, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Correa 1, Guamá, 66, Belém, Pará, 075-110, Brazil.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018 May 16;18(1):169. doi: 10.1186/s12884-018-1753-x.
Prenatal tests are important for prevention of vertical transmission of various infectious agents. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), rubella virus and vaccination coverage against HBV in pregnant adolescents who received care in the city of Belém, Pará, Brazil.
A cross-sectional study was performed with 324 pregnant adolescents from 2009 to 2010. After the interview and blood collection, the patients were screened for antibodies and/or antigens against HIV-1/2, HTLV-1/2, CMV, rubella virus and HBV. The epidemiological variables were demonstrated using descriptive statistics with the G, χ and Fisher exact tests.
The mean age of the participants was 15.8 years, and the majority (65.4%) had less than 6 years of education. The mean age at first intercourse was 14.4 years, and 60.8% reported having a partner aged between 12 and 14 years. The prevalence of HIV infection was 0.3%, and of HTLV infection was 0.6%. Regarding HBV, 0.6% of the participants had acute infection, 9.9% had a previous infection, 16.7% had vaccine immunity and 72.8% were susceptible to infection. The presence of anti-HBs was greater in adolescent between 12 and 14 years old (28.8%) while the anti-HBc was greater in adolescent between 15 and 18 years old (10.3%). Most of the adolescents presented the IgG antibody to CMV (96.3%) and rubella (92.3%). None of the participants had acute rubella infection, and 2.2% had anti-CMV IgM.
This study is the first report of the seroepidemiology of infectious agents in a population of pregnant adolescents in the Northern region of Brazil. Most of the adolescents had low levels of education, were susceptible to HBV infection and had IgG antibodies to CMV and rubella virus. The prevalence of HBV, HIV and HTLV was similar to that reported in other regions of Brazil. However, the presence of these agents in this younger population reinforces the need for good prenatal follow-up and more comprehensive vaccination campaigns against HBV due to the large number of women susceptible to the virus.
产前检查对于预防各种传染性病原体的垂直传播非常重要。本研究的目的是描述在巴西帕拉州贝伦市接受护理的孕妇青少年中人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、人类 T 淋巴细胞病毒（HTLV）、乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）、巨细胞病毒（CMV）、风疹病毒的流行率以及乙型肝炎疫苗接种覆盖率。
本研究为 2009 年至 2010 年间的 324 名孕妇青少年进行了一项横断面研究。在访谈和血液采集后，对患者进行了 HIV-1/2、HTLV-1/2、CMV、风疹病毒和 HBV 抗体和/或抗原的筛查。使用 G、χ 和 Fisher 精确检验对流行病学变量进行了描述性统计。
参与者的平均年龄为 15.8 岁，大多数（65.4%）受教育程度低于 6 年。初次性行为的平均年龄为 14.4 岁，60.8%的参与者的伴侣年龄在 12 至 14 岁之间。HIV 感染的患病率为 0.3%，HTLV 感染的患病率为 0.6%。关于 HBV，0.6%的参与者为急性感染，9.9%有既往感染，16.7%有疫苗免疫力，72.8%易感感染。12-14 岁的青少年抗-HBs 阳性率更高（28.8%），15-18 岁的青少年抗-HBc 阳性率更高（10.3%）。大多数青少年的 CMV（96.3%）和风疹（92.3%）抗体 IgG 呈阳性。没有参与者有急性风疹感染，2.2%有抗-CMV IgM。
本研究首次报告了巴西北部地区孕妇青少年人群中传染性病原体的血清流行病学情况。大多数青少年受教育程度较低，易感染 HBV，且 CMV 和风疹病毒的 IgG 抗体呈阳性。HBV、HIV 和 HTLV 的流行率与巴西其他地区相似。然而，这些病原体在年轻人群中的存在，由于大量女性易感染病毒，因此需要加强产前随访和更全面的乙型肝炎疫苗接种运动。
