Gravel D, Archibald C P, Pelude L, Mulvey M, Golding G
Centre for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON.
National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB.
Can Commun Dis Rep. 2014 Nov 7;40(Suppl 2):6-13. doi: 10.14745/ccdr.v40is2a02.
The Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program (CNISP) is a collaborative effort of the Public Health Agency of Canada's Centre for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control, the National Microbiology Laboratory, and 54 largely university-affiliated tertiary care sentinel hospitals in 10 provinces across Canada.
To provide a summary of antibiotic resistance rates of four key antibiotic resistant organisms in major hospitals across Canada from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2012.
Patients' clinical and demographic data and associated results of laboratory analyses were submitted to the Agency by participating hospitals. The infection rates were summarized per 1,000 patient admissions at national and regional levels.
In Canada, the overall health care-associated infection (HA-CDI), HA-CDI rates peaked in 2008 at 5.8 HA-CDI infections per 1,000 patient admissions then remained stable between 2009 and 2012 at approximately 5 HA-CDI infections per 1,000 admissions; the West and Central regions had higher rates than the Eastern region. The rates of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) peaked in 2009 at 9.5 MRSA infections per 1,000 patient admissions then decreased to 8.8 MRSA infections per 1,000 admissions in 2012, with the Central region having higher rates than the Western and Eastern regions. The rates of vancomycin-resistant (VRE), have been low but rising with 0.08 VRE infections per 1,000 patient admissions in 2007, gradually rising to 0.5 VRE infections per 1,000 admissions in 2012, with consistently higher rates in the Western region, slightly lower rates in the Central region and the lowest rates in the Eastern region. The rates of carbapenem-resistant (CRE) have been measured since 2010 and have been low and stable, with 0.11 CRE infections per 1,000 patient admissions in 2010 and 0.14 CRE infections per 1,000 admissions in 2012, with higher rates in the Western and Central regions and lower rates in the Eastern region.
In Canada, of the four antibiotic resistant organisms under surveillance, HA-CDI and MRSA have been gradually decreasing, VRE is low but rising, and CRE remains low with Western and Central rates consistently higher than Eastern rates.
加拿大医院感染监测项目（CNISP）是加拿大公共卫生署传染病与感染控制中心、国家微生物实验室以及加拿大10个省的54家主要隶属于大学的三级医疗哨点医院共同合作开展的项目。
总结2007年1月1日至2012年12月31日期间加拿大各大医院4种主要耐药菌的耐药率。
参与项目的医院将患者的临床和人口统计学数据以及相关实验室分析结果提交给该机构。感染率按每1000例患者入院数在国家和地区层面进行汇总。
在加拿大，医疗保健相关艰难梭菌感染（HA-CDI）率在2008年达到峰值，为每1000例患者入院中有5.8例HA-CDI感染，然后在2009年至2012年期间保持稳定，约为每1000例入院中有5例HA-CDI感染；西部地区和中部地区的感染率高于东部地区。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）感染率在2009年达到峰值，为每1000例患者入院中有9.5例MRSA感染，然后在2012年降至每1000例入院中有8.8例MRSA感染，中部地区的感染率高于西部地区和东部地区。耐万古霉素肠球菌（VRE）感染率一直较低但呈上升趋势，2007年为每1000例患者入院中有0.08例VRE感染，逐渐上升至2012年的每1000例入院中有0.5例VRE感染，西部地区的感染率一直较高，中部地区略低，东部地区最低。耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌科细菌（CRE）感染率自2010年开始统计，一直较低且稳定，2010年为每1000例患者入院中有0.11例CRE感染，2012年为每1000例入院中有0.14例CRE感染，西部地区和中部地区的感染率较高，东部地区较低。
在加拿大，在所监测的4种耐药菌中，HA-CDI和MRSA感染率逐渐下降，VRE感染率较低但呈上升趋势，CRE感染率仍然较低，西部地区和中部地区的感染率一直高于东部地区。
