Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences de la Terre et des Ressources Minières, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 01 BP V 34,, Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire.
Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 1303,, Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire.
Infect Dis Poverty. 2018 May 18;7(1):47. doi: 10.1186/s40249-018-0431-6.
Schistosomiasis is a water-based disease transmitted by trematodes belonging to the genus Schistosoma. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the prevalence of schistosomiasis and access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and environmental and socioeconomic factors in the city of Korhogo, northern Côte d'Ivoire.
A cross-sectional study including 728 randomly selected households was conducted in Korhogo in March 2015. The heads of the households were interviewed about access to WASH and environmental and socioeconomic factors. All children abed between 5 and 15 years living in the households were selected to provide stool and urine samples for parasitological diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium infection. The relationship between infection with S. mansoni and potential risk factors was analysed by a mixed logistic regression model with 'household' as a random factor. Likelihood ratio tests were used to identify factors that were significantly associated with a Schistosoma spp. infection.
The overall prevalence of schistosomiasis among school-aged children in Korhogo was 1.9% (45/2341) composed of 0.3% (3/1248) S. haematobium and 3.5% (42/1202) S. mansoni. Due to the low prevalence of S. haematobium infection, risk factor analysis was limited to S. mansoni. Boys were 7.8 times more likely to be infected with S. mansoni than girls. Children between 10 and 15 years of age were 3.8 times more likely to be infected than their younger counterparts aged 5-10 years. Moreover, living in a house further away from a water access point (odds ratio [OR] = 0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13-0.70) and abstaining from swimming in open freshwater bodies (OR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.04-0.56) were significantly associated with decreased odds of S. mansoni infection. The socioeconomic status did not appear to influence the prevalence of S. mansoni.
A strategy to reduce the incidence of schistosomiasis should focus on health education to change the behaviour of populations at risk and encourage communities to improve sanitation and infrastructure in order to reduce contact with surface water.
血吸虫病是一种由吸虫属的吸虫引起的水生疾病。本研究旨在评估科霍戈市（位于科特迪瓦北部）血吸虫病的流行情况与获得水、环境卫生和个人卫生（WASH）以及环境和社会经济因素之间的关系。
2015 年 3 月在科霍戈市进行了一项横断面研究，共纳入了 728 户随机选择的家庭。对家庭户主进行了关于 WASH 以及环境和社会经济因素的访谈。选择所有居住在家庭中的 5 至 15 岁的儿童提供粪便和尿液样本，进行曼氏血吸虫和埃及血吸虫感染的寄生虫学诊断。采用混合逻辑回归模型，以“家庭”为随机因素，分析曼氏血吸虫感染与潜在危险因素之间的关系。使用似然比检验来确定与血吸虫感染显著相关的因素。
科霍戈市学龄儿童的总体血吸虫病流行率为 1.9%（45/2341），其中埃及血吸虫感染率为 0.3%（3/1248），曼氏血吸虫感染率为 3.5%（42/1202）。由于埃及血吸虫感染的流行率较低，因此仅对曼氏血吸虫感染进行了危险因素分析。与女孩相比，男孩感染曼氏血吸虫的可能性高 7.8 倍。与 5-10 岁的儿童相比，10-15 岁的儿童感染的可能性高 3.8 倍。此外，居住在离取水点较远的房屋（比值比[OR] = 0.29，95%置信区间[CI]：0.13-0.70）和避免在开放的淡水水体中游泳（OR = 0.16，95% CI：0.04-0.56）与曼氏血吸虫感染的可能性降低显著相关。社会经济状况似乎并未影响曼氏血吸虫的流行率。
减少血吸虫病发病率的策略应侧重于开展健康教育，改变高危人群的行为，并鼓励社区改善环境卫生和基础设施，以减少与地表水的接触。
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