Hashiloni-Dolev Yael, Schicktanz Silke
School of Government and Society, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel.
University Medical Center Göttingen, Goettingen, Germany.
Reprod Biomed Soc Online. 2017 Apr 29;4:21-32. doi: 10.1016/j.rbms.2017.03.003. eCollection 2017 Jun.
The scholarly discussion of posthumous reproduction (PHR) focuses on informed consent and the welfare of the future child, for the most part overlooking cultural differences between societies. Based on a cross-cultural comparison of legal and regulatory documents, analysis of pivotal cases and study of scholarly and media discussions in Israel and Germany, this paper analyses the relevant ethical and policy issues, and questions how cultural differences shape the practice of PHR. The findings challenge the common classifications of PHR by highlighting the gender perspective and adding brain-dead pregnant women to the debate. Based on this study's findings, four neglected cultural factors affecting social attitudes towards PHR are identified: (i) the relationship between the pregnant woman and her future child; (ii) what constitutes the beginning of life; (iii) what constitutes dying; and (iv) the social agent(s) seeking to have the future child. The paper argues that PHR can be better understood by adding the gender and margins-of-life perspectives, and that future ethical and practical discussions of this issue could benefit from the criteria emerging from this cross-cultural analysis.
关于死后生育（PHR）的学术讨论主要集中在知情同意和未来孩子的福祉上，在很大程度上忽视了不同社会之间的文化差异。基于对以色列和德国法律及监管文件的跨文化比较、关键案例分析以及学术和媒体讨论研究，本文分析了相关的伦理和政策问题，并探讨文化差异如何塑造死后生育的实践。研究结果通过突出性别视角并将脑死亡孕妇纳入辩论，对死后生育的常见分类提出了挑战。基于本研究的结果，确定了影响社会对死后生育态度的四个被忽视的文化因素：（i）孕妇与其未来孩子的关系；（ii）生命的起点是什么；（iii）死亡的构成要素是什么；（iv）寻求生育未来孩子的社会主体。本文认为，通过增加性别和生命边缘视角可以更好地理解死后生育，并且未来关于这一问题的伦理和实践讨论可以从这种跨文化分析中得出的标准中受益。
