Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai 201306, China.
Environ Pollut. 2018 Sep;240:733-744. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.027. Epub 2018 May 16.
Dietary fish oil used in aquafeed transfers marine pollutants to farmed fish. However, the entire transfer route of marine pollutants in dietary fish oil from ocean to table fish has not been tracked quantitatively. To track the entire transfer route of marine pollutants from wild fish to farmed fish through dietary fish oil and evaluate the related human health risks, we obtained crude and refined fish oils originating from the same batch of wild ocean anchovy and prepared fish oil-containing purified aquafeeds to feed omnivorous lean Nile tilapia and carnivorous fatty yellow catfish for eight weeks. The potential human health risk of consumption of these fish was evaluated. Marine persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were concentrated in fish oil, but were largely removed by the refining process, particularly dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The differences in the POP concentrations between crude and refined fish oils were retained in the fillets of the farmed fish. Fillets fat content and fish growth were positively and negatively correlated to the final POPs deposition in fillets, respectively. The retention rates of marine POPs in the final fillets through fish oil-contained aquafeeds were 1.3%-5.2%, and were correlated with the POPs concentrations in feeds and fillets, feed utilization and carcass ratios. The dietary crude fish oil-contained aquafeeds are a higher hazard ratio to consumers. Prohibiting the use of crude fish oil in aquafeed and improving growth and feed efficiency in farmed fish are promising strategies to reduce health risks originating from marine POPs.
水产饲料中使用的食用鱼油将海洋污染物转移到养殖鱼类中。然而，从海洋到餐桌鱼的食用鱼油中海洋污染物的整个转移途径尚未被定量追踪。为了追踪通过食用鱼油从野生鱼类到养殖鱼类的海洋污染物的整个转移途径，并评估相关的人类健康风险，我们从同一批野生海洋凤尾鱼中获得了粗制和精制鱼油，并制备了含鱼油的纯化水产饲料来喂养杂食性瘦尼罗罗非鱼和肉食性肥黄颡鱼八周。评估了这些鱼的食用潜在人类健康风险。海洋持久性有机污染物（POPs）浓缩在鱼油中，但精炼过程大大去除了这些污染物，特别是二恶英和多氯联苯（PCBs）。粗制和精制鱼油中 POPs 浓度的差异保留在养殖鱼类的鱼片上。鱼片脂肪含量和鱼的生长与最终鱼片上 POPs 的沉积呈正相关和负相关。通过含鱼油的水产饲料进入最终鱼片的海洋 POPs 的保留率为 1.3%-5.2%，与饲料和鱼片、饲料利用率和胴体比中的 POPs 浓度相关。膳食粗鱼油水产饲料对消费者的危害更高。禁止在水产饲料中使用粗鱼油，并提高养殖鱼类的生长和饲料效率，是降低海洋 POPs 带来的健康风险的有前途的策略。
