Tifton Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 43 Brighton Rd, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA; The Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat, Sadat City, Egypt.
Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
Vet Microbiol. 2018 Jun;219:154-160. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.03.014. Epub 2018 Mar 20.
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is an RNA virus of the genus Morbillivirus within the family Paramyxoviridae. CDV produces multi-systemic disease in dogs and other terrestrial carnivores. With the development of modified live vaccines in the 1950s and 1960s, the disease, with a few exceptions, has been successfully controlled. However, recently the cases of CDV in vaccinated dogs have been increasing throughout the world, including the United States. There are many reasons that can lead to vaccine failure, including antigenic differences between the vaccine strains and the currently circulating wild-type strains. Currently, there are at least three genetically different CDV lineages circulating in the US. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated various wild-type CDV and vaccine isolates to determine if the genetic differences observed among various strains result in significant antigenic differences based on changes to the neutralizing epitopes. The results of a cross-neutralization assay revealed that there are antigenic differences among the tested CDV wild-type isolates as well as between the tested isolates and the vaccine strains currently used in the US. Therefore, these results suggest the need to develop an updated CDV vaccine.
犬瘟热病毒（CDV）是副黏病毒科麻疹病毒属的一种 RNA 病毒。CDV 可导致犬和其他陆生食肉动物发生全身性疾病。自 20 世纪 50 年代和 60 年代开发出改良活疫苗以来，除了一些例外情况外，该疾病已得到成功控制。然而，最近，包括美国在内的世界各地接种疫苗的犬只中 CDV 病例不断增加。导致疫苗失败的原因有很多，包括疫苗株与当前流行的野毒株之间的抗原差异。目前，美国至少有三种遗传上不同的 CDV 谱系在传播。因此，在这项研究中，我们评估了各种野生型 CDV 和疫苗分离株，以确定观察到的各种菌株之间的遗传差异是否会导致基于中和表位变化的显著抗原差异。交叉中和测定的结果表明，所测试的 CDV 野生型分离株之间以及所测试的分离株与目前在美国使用的疫苗株之间存在抗原差异。因此，这些结果表明需要开发更新的 CDV 疫苗。
