Imperial College London, London, UK.
South Africa Medical Research Council, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Lancet Glob Health. 2018 Jul;6(7):e736-e743. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30259-6. Epub 2018 May 16.
Increased blood pressure is the biggest contributor to the global burden of disease and mortality. Data suggest that less than half of the population with hypertension is aware of it. May Measurement Month was initiated to raise awareness of the importance of blood pressure and as a pragmatic interim solution to the shortfall in screening programmes.
This cross-sectional survey included volunteer adults (≥18 years) who ideally had not had their blood pressures measured in the past year. Each participant had their blood pressure measured three times and received a a questionnaire about demographic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. The primary objective was to raise awareness of blood pressure, measured by number of countries involved, number of people screened, and number of people who have untreated or inadequately treated hypertension (defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, or both, or on the basis of receiving antihypertensive medication). Multiple imputation was used to estimate the mean of the second and third blood pressure readings if these were not recorded. Measures of association were analysed using linear mixed models.
Data were collected from 1 201 570 individuals in 80 countries. After imputation, of the 1 128 635 individuals for whom a mean of the second and third readings was available, 393 924 (34·9%) individuals had hypertension. 153 905 (17·3%) of 888 616 individuals who were not receiving antihypertensive treatment were hypertensive, and 105 456 (46·3%) of the 227 721 individuals receiving treatment did not have controlled blood pressure. Significant differences in adjusted blood pressures and hypertension prevalence were apparent between regions. Adjusted blood pressure was higher in association with antihypertensive medication, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Blood pressure was higher when measured on the right arm than on the left arm, and blood pressure was highest on Saturdays.
Inexpensive global screening of blood pressure is achievable using volunteers and convenience sampling. Pending the set-up of systematic surveillance systems worldwide, MMM will be repeated annually to raise awareness of blood pressure.
International Society of Hypertension, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Servier Pharmaceutical Co.
血压升高是全球疾病负担和死亡率的最大因素。数据表明，只有不到一半的高血压患者知晓自己的血压情况。五月测量月的发起是为了提高人们对血压的重要性的认识，也是解决筛查项目不足的一种务实的临时解决方案。
本横断面调查包括志愿者成年人（≥18 岁），他们理想情况下在过去一年中没有测量过血压。每位参与者的血压测量了三次，并接受了一份关于人口统计学、生活方式和环境因素的问卷。主要目的是通过参与的国家数量、筛查人数以及未经治疗或治疗不足的高血压患者人数（定义为收缩压≥140mmHg 或舒张压≥90mmHg，或两者均有，或根据接受抗高血压药物治疗）来提高对血压的认识。如果未记录第二次和第三次血压读数，则使用多重插补法估计这两次读数的平均值。使用线性混合模型分析关联措施。
从 80 个国家的 1201570 名个体中收集了数据。在插补后，对于 1128635 名有第二次和第三次读数平均值的个体，393924 名（34.9%）个体患有高血压。在 888616 名未接受抗高血压治疗的个体中，有 153905 名（17.3%）为高血压患者，在 227721 名接受治疗的个体中，有 105456 名（46.3%）血压控制不佳。不同地区之间的调整后血压和高血压患病率存在明显差异。与降压药物、糖尿病、脑血管疾病、吸烟和饮酒相关的调整后血压更高。右臂测量的血压高于左臂，周六的血压最高。
使用志愿者和便利抽样可以实现廉价的全球血压筛查。在全球范围内建立系统监测系统之前，将每年重复进行 MMM，以提高人们对血压的认识。
国际高血压学会、疾病控制和预防中心、塞诺菲制药公司。
