Beaney Thomas, Kerr Gabriele Keziah, Kiru Gaia, McArdle Harsha, Schlaich Markus, Schutte Aletta E, Stergiou George S, Wang Ji-Guang, Marin Marcos J, Henandez-Hernandez Rafael, Diaz Alejandro Bimbo F, Alcocer Luis, Lopez-Jaramillo Patricio, Poulter Neil
Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
BMJ Glob Health. 2024 Dec 2;9(12):e016557. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2024-016557.
Elevated blood pressure (BP) is the major contributor to mortality and disease burden worldwide. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global BP screening campaign, which aims to raise awareness of BP measurement and provide evidence to inform and influence related health policy.
This cross-sectional survey included individuals aged≥18 years recruited through opportunistic sampling at sites in 60 countries during MMM 2022. Each participant had three sitting BP measurements and a questionnaire was completed including demographics, comorbidities and lifestyle factors. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP≥140 mm Hg and/or a diastolic BP≥90 mm Hg (average of the second and third readings) or taking antihypertensive medication. Multiple imputation was used to estimate BP readings where any participant's BP readings were missing. Linear mixed effects models were used to identify associations between participant characteristics and systolic or diastolic BP.
Of the 715 518 participants surveyed (excluding 50 200 self-measured home BP screenees recruited via the ZOE Health Study app), 257 421 (36.0%) were identified as hypertensive, of whom 57.6% were aware and 49.3% were on antihypertensive medication. Of all participants with hypertension, 26.1% were controlled to <140/90 mm Hg and 12.0% to <130/80 mm Hg. Of those taking antihypertensive medication, 52.7% were taking only one drug class, 52.9% were controlled to <140/90 mm Hg and 24.4% to 130/80 mm Hg. In total, 190 314 (26.6% of total surveyed, 73.9% of hypertensives) participants screened were found to have untreated or inadequately treated hypertension. Only 27.6% of treated hypertensive participants were taking a statin. Substantial coexistence of diabetes, overweight and hypertension was apparent among participants.
MMM confirms a high global burden of hypertension with low rates of awareness, treatment and control. In the absence of systematic BP screening in many countries, the results from MMM underscore the continued need for BP screening to detect and thereby control raised BP.
血压升高是全球死亡率和疾病负担的主要促成因素。五月测量月（MMM）是一项全球性的血压筛查活动，旨在提高对血压测量的认识，并提供证据以告知和影响相关卫生政策。
这项横断面调查纳入了2022年五月测量月期间在60个国家的场所通过机会性抽样招募的18岁及以上个体。每位参与者进行了三次坐位血压测量，并完成了一份问卷，内容包括人口统计学、合并症和生活方式因素。高血压定义为收缩压≥140 mmHg和/或舒张压≥90 mmHg（第二次和第三次读数的平均值）或正在服用降压药物。对于任何参与者血压读数缺失的情况，采用多重填补法估算血压读数。使用线性混合效应模型来确定参与者特征与收缩压或舒张压之间的关联。
在接受调查的715518名参与者中（不包括通过ZOE健康研究应用程序招募的50200名自测家庭血压筛查者），257421名（36.0%）被确定为高血压患者，其中57.6%知晓自己患有高血压，49.3%正在服用降压药物。在所有高血压参与者中，26.1%的血压控制在<140/90 mmHg，12.0%的血压控制在<130/80 mmHg。在服用降压药物的人群中，52.7%仅服用一类药物，52.9%的血压控制在<140/90 mmHg，24.4%的血压控制在<130/80 mmHg。总共190314名（占总调查人数的26.6%，高血压患者的73.9%）筛查参与者被发现患有未经治疗或治疗不充分的高血压。只有27.6%接受治疗的高血压参与者正在服用他汀类药物。参与者中糖尿病、超重和高血压并存的情况很明显。
五月测量月证实了全球高血压负担沉重，知晓率、治疗率和控制率较低。在许多国家缺乏系统的血压筛查的情况下，五月测量月的结果强调了持续进行血压筛查以检测并控制血压升高的必要性。
