Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark.
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2018 May 19;20(6):47. doi: 10.1007/s11920-018-0903-1.
This paper aims to synthesize research relating to youth responses to school shootings between 2014 and 2017. The main questions it addresses are how such events impact young people psychologically, and what risk or protective factors may contribute to different trajectories of recovery?
Recent research suggests that most young people exposed to school shootings demonstrate resilience, exhibiting no long-term dysfunction. However, a minority will experience severe and chronic symptoms. The likelihood of experiencing clinically significant reactions is influenced by pre-trauma functioning as well as peri-traumatic and post-traumatic factors. These include proximity to the trauma, peri-traumatic dissociation, post-traumatic emotional regulation difficulties, social support, and flexibility of coping styles. Research that separates the distinguishing features of young people with differing recovery styles is vital to tailor intervention. But methodological and design issues associated with such research necessitates caution in drawing conclusions. Variation in definitions and measures and the self-report nature of many of the studies are potential sources of bias. Greater uniformity across designs would enhance confidence and allow for improved evidence-based intervention.
本文旨在综合 2014 年至 2017 年期间与青少年对校园枪击事件的反应相关的研究。它主要探讨的问题是这些事件如何对年轻人的心理产生影响，以及哪些风险或保护因素可能导致不同的恢复轨迹？
最近的研究表明，大多数接触校园枪击事件的年轻人表现出韧性，没有表现出长期功能障碍。然而，少数人会经历严重和慢性的症状。经历临床显著反应的可能性受到创伤前功能以及创伤前和创伤后因素的影响。这些因素包括接近创伤、创伤前的分离、创伤后情绪调节困难、社会支持以及应对方式的灵活性。区分具有不同恢复风格的年轻人的特征的研究对于定制干预措施至关重要。但是，与这类研究相关的方法学和设计问题需要谨慎得出结论。定义和测量的差异以及许多研究的自我报告性质是潜在的偏见来源。设计的更大一致性将提高信心，并允许改进基于证据的干预。
