Häkkänen H, Summala H
Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Sleep. 2000 Feb 1;23(1):49-57.
Two separate groups consisting of both long-haul (N=184) and short-haul (N=133) truck drivers were surveyed to examine the frequency of driver sleepiness-related problems at work during the previous three months and to assess the incidence of sleep apnea syndrome symptoms. We also aimed to identify factors likely to predict self-reported difficulties in staying alert in work driving, dozing off (sometimes referred to as microsleeps) at the wheel and near misses. The responses suggest that for approximately 13% of the long-haul drivers the mean driving time per shift exceeded the EEC regulation. About 40% of the long-haul drivers and 21% of the short-haul drivers reported having problems in staying alert on at least 20% of their drives. Over 20% of the long-haul drivers also reported having dozed off at least twice while driving. Near misses due to dozing off had occurred in 17% of these drivers. Factors indicating sleep apnea syndrome occurred in only about 4% of the long-haul drivers and in only two short-haul drivers. Work and individual related factors as well as factors indicating sleep apnea syndrome contributed only slightly to predicting driver sleepiness-related problems. This suggests that driver sleepiness-related problems tend to be shared by many of the professional drivers, rather than being a "specific" and permanent problem for a smaller portion of drivers. However, difficulties in sleep patterns, such as having difficulty falling asleep, were infrequent.
我们对两组独立的卡车司机进行了调查，其中包括长途（N = 184）和短途（N = 133）卡车司机，以检查前三个月工作期间与驾驶员嗜睡相关问题的发生频率，并评估睡眠呼吸暂停综合征症状的发生率。我们还旨在确定可能预测自我报告的工作驾驶中难以保持警觉、在方向盘上打瞌睡（有时称为微睡眠）和险些发生事故的因素。调查结果表明，约13%的长途司机每班平均驾驶时间超过了欧盟的规定。约40%的长途司机和21%的短途司机报告称，在至少20%的驾驶过程中难以保持警觉。超过20%的长途司机还报告称，他们在驾驶过程中至少打瞌睡过两次。在这些司机中，17%的人因打瞌睡而险些发生事故。只有约4%的长途司机和两名短途司机出现了表明睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的因素。工作和个人相关因素以及表明睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的因素对预测与驾驶员嗜睡相关问题的贡献很小。这表明，与驾驶员嗜睡相关的问题往往为许多职业司机所共有，而不是一小部分司机的“特定”和永久性问题。然而，睡眠模式方面的困难，如难以入睡，并不常见。
