Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute SE-58195, Linköping, Sweden; Rehabilitation Medicine, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute SE-58195, Linköping, Sweden.
Accid Anal Prev. 2018 May;114:71-76. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.05.005.
Bus drivers often work irregular hours or split shifts and their work involves high levels of stress. These factors can lead to severe sleepiness and dangerous driving. This study examined how split shift working affects sleepiness and performance during afternoon driving. An experiment was conducted on a real road with a specially equipped regular bus driven by professional bus drivers. The study had a within-subject design and involved 18 professional bus drivers (9 males and 9 females) who drove on two afternoons; one on a day in which they had driven early in the morning (split shift situation) and one on a day when they had been off duty until the test (afternoon shift situation). The hypothesis tested was that split shifts contribute to sleepiness during afternoon, which can increase the safety risks. The overall results supported this hypothesis. In total, five of the 18 drivers reached levels of severe sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale ≥8) with an average increase in KSS of 1.94 when driving in the afternoon after working a morning shift compared with being off duty in the morning. This increase corresponded to differences observed between shift workers starting and ending a night shift. The Psychomotor Vigilance Task showed significantly increased response time with split shift working (afternoon: 0.337s; split shift 0.347s), as did the EEG-based Karolinska Drowsiness Score mean/max. Blink duration also increased, although the difference was not significant. One driver fell asleep during the drive. In addition, 12 of the 18 bus drivers reported that in their daily work they have to fight to stay awake while driving at least 2-4 times per month. While there were strong individual differences, the study clearly showed that shift-working bus drivers struggle to stay awake and thus countermeasures are needed in order to guarantee safe driving with split shift schedules.
公交司机的工作时间往往不规律，或者需要轮班，工作压力大。这些因素会导致严重的困倦和危险驾驶。本研究旨在探讨轮班工作如何影响下午驾驶时的困倦和表现。在一条真实道路上进行了一项实验，使用专门配备的常规巴士，由专业巴士司机驾驶。该研究采用了被试内设计，涉及 18 名专业巴士司机（9 名男性和 9 名女性），他们在两个下午进行驾驶；一个下午是在他们清晨驾驶（轮班情况），另一个下午是在他们休息直到测试（下午班情况）。测试的假设是，轮班工作会导致下午困倦，从而增加安全风险。总体结果支持这一假设。总共有 18 名司机中的 5 名达到了严重困倦的水平（卡尔斯塔德困倦量表≥8），与清晨休息相比，在清晨轮班后下午驾驶时，KSS 平均增加了 1.94。这一增加相当于夜班工人开始和结束夜班时观察到的差异。警觉性任务测试显示，轮班工作时反应时间显著延长（下午：0.337 秒；轮班：0.347 秒），基于 EEG 的卡尔斯塔德困倦评分平均值/最大值也是如此。眨眼持续时间也增加了，尽管差异不显著。一名司机在驾驶过程中睡着了。此外，18 名巴士司机中有 12 名报告说，在他们的日常工作中，他们每个月至少有 2-4 次不得不努力保持清醒驾驶。虽然存在强烈的个体差异，但该研究清楚地表明，轮班工作的巴士司机很难保持清醒，因此需要采取对策，以确保在轮班时间表下安全驾驶。
