Teferi Dereje Yohannes, Atomssa Gudina Egata, Mekonnen Tefera Chane
ABH Service PLC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
J Nutr Metab. 2018 Mar 27;2018:8678561. doi: 10.1155/2018/8678561. eCollection 2018.
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among school adolescents in Wolaita Sodo town, Southern Ethiopia.
A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 18-June 10, 2015. A multistage sampling was used to select a random sample of 690 adolescents from selected schools. Data on sociodemographic information were collected by using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements were made by using a digital Seca scale and height measuring board by trained data collectors. Data were entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 software and exported to SPSS version 20. World Health Organization (WHO) Anthro-plus software was used to analyze anthropometric data. Both binary and multinomial logistic regression analyses were done to identify factors associated with the malnutrition of adolescents.
The overall prevalence of thinness, stunting, and overweight/obesity among school adolescents was 4.7% (95% CI: 3%-6.4%); 5.2% (95% CI: 3.4%-7%); and 5.0% (95% CI: 3.4%-6.7%), respectively. Being male (AOR = 4.07; 95% CI: 2.35-7.02), learning at a government school (AOR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.20-0.65), mothers with no formal education (AOR = 4.03; 95% CI: 1.82-8.92), owning no cattle (AOR = 4.92; 95% CI: 2.08-11.64), skipping meals (AOR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.05-2.74), and illness in 2 weeks prior to survey (AOR = 2.67; 95% CI: 1.49-4.78) were significantly associated with thinness. However, males, students who had their house, and no cattle were more likely to develop overweight/obesity. Maternal education of secondary school (AOR = 0.214; 95% CI: 0.054-0.846) was significantly associated with the stunting.
The study showed the coexistence of undernutrition and overnutrition among school adolescents in the study area. There needs to implement evidence-based school nutrition education and health policies and programs to improve nutritional status of adolescents and timely taking action to limit obesity-related health problems.
本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚南部沃莱塔索多镇在校青少年中营养不良的患病率及相关因素。
于2015年5月18日至6月10日开展了一项基于学校的横断面研究。采用多阶段抽样方法从选定学校中随机抽取690名青少年。通过访谈员管理的问卷收集社会人口学信息数据，由经过培训的数据收集员使用数字赛多利斯秤和身高测量板进行人体测量。数据录入Epi-Data 3.1软件，并导出至SPSS 20软件。使用世界卫生组织（WHO）Anthro-plus软件分析人体测量数据。进行二元和多项逻辑回归分析以确定与青少年营养不良相关的因素。
在校青少年中消瘦、发育迟缓以及超重/肥胖的总体患病率分别为4.7%（95%置信区间：3% - 6.4%）；5.2%（95%置信区间：3.4% - 7%）；以及5.0%（95%置信区间：3.4% - 6.7%）。男性（调整后比值比[AOR]=4.07；95%置信区间：2.35 - 7.02）、在公立学校就读（AOR=0.37；95%置信区间：0.20 - 0.65）、母亲未接受过正规教育（AOR=4.03；95%置信区间：1.82 - 8.92）、没有养牛（AOR=4.92；95%置信区间：2.08 - 11.64）、不规律饮食（AOR=1.70；95%置信区间：1.05 - 2.74）以及在调查前两周内生病（AOR=2.67；95%置信区间：1.49 - 4.78）与消瘦显著相关。然而，男性、有自己住房的学生以及没有养牛的学生更易出现超重/肥胖。母亲接受过中学教育（AOR=0.214；95%置信区间：0.054 - 0.846）与发育迟缓显著相关。
该研究表明研究区域内在校青少年中存在营养不足和营养过剩并存的情况。需要实施基于证据的学校营养教育以及健康政策和项目，以改善青少年的营养状况，并及时采取行动限制与肥胖相关的健康问题。
