a Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences , Northumbria University , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , England.
b Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Academy of Sport and Physical Activity , Sheffield Hallam University , Sheffield , UK.
J Sports Sci. 2019 Jan;37(1):3-4. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1479116. Epub 2018 May 22.
There has been a recent resurgence in debate about methods for statistical inference in science. The debate addresses statistical concepts and their impact on the value and meaning of analyses' outcomes. In contrast, philosophical underpinnings of approaches and the extent to which analytical tools match philosophical goals of the scientific method have received less attention. This short piece considers application of the scientific method to "what-is-the-influence-of x-on-y" type questions characteristic of sport and exercise science. We consider applications and interpretations of estimation versus falsification based statistical approaches and their value in addressing how much x influences y, and in measurement error and method agreement settings. We compare estimation using magnitude based inference (MBI) with falsification using null hypothesis significance testing (NHST), and highlight the limited value both of falsification and NHST to address problems in sport and exercise science. We recommend adopting an estimation approach, expressing the uncertainty of effects of x on y, and their practical/clinical value against pre-determined effect magnitudes using MBI.
最近，关于科学中统计推断方法的争论再次兴起。这场争论涉及统计概念及其对分析结果的价值和意义的影响。相比之下，方法的哲学基础以及分析工具在多大程度上符合科学方法的哲学目标，受到的关注较少。这篇短文考虑了将科学方法应用于“x 对 y 的影响是什么”类型的问题，这些问题是运动和锻炼科学的典型特征。我们考虑了基于估计和证伪的统计方法的应用和解释，以及它们在解决 x 对 y 的影响程度以及测量误差和方法一致性设置方面的价值。我们比较了基于幅度推断 (MBI) 的估计与使用零假设显著性检验 (NHST) 的证伪，并强调了证伪和 NHST 在解决运动和锻炼科学问题方面的有限价值。我们建议采用一种估计方法，使用 MBI 表达 x 对 y 的影响的不确定性，以及它们相对于预定效应幅度的实际/临床价值。
