兔子作为人类疾病模型的广泛应用。
The wide utility of rabbits as models of human diseases.
机构信息
CIBIO, InBIO, Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.
Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
出版信息
Exp Mol Med. 2018 May 22;50(5):1-10. doi: 10.1038/s12276-018-0094-1.
Studies using the European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus contributed to elucidating numerous fundamental aspects of antibody structure and diversification mechanisms and continue to be valuable for the development and testing of therapeutic humanized polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Additionally, during the last two decades, the use of the European rabbit as an animal model has been increasingly extended to many human diseases. This review documents the continuing wide utility of the rabbit as a reliable disease model for development of therapeutics and vaccines and studies of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying many human diseases. Examples include syphilis, tuberculosis, HIV-AIDS, acute hepatic failure and diseases caused by noroviruses, ocular herpes, and papillomaviruses. The use of rabbits for vaccine development studies, which began with Louis Pasteur's rabies vaccine in 1881, continues today with targets that include the potentially blinding HSV-1 virus infection and HIV-AIDS. Additionally, two highly fatal viral diseases, rabbit hemorrhagic disease and myxomatosis, affect the European rabbit and provide unique models to understand co-evolution between a vertebrate host and viral pathogens.
使用欧洲兔（Oryctolagus cuniculus）进行的研究有助于阐明抗体结构和多样化机制的许多基本方面，并且仍然对开发和测试治疗性人源化多克隆和单克隆抗体具有重要价值。此外，在过去二十年中，欧洲兔作为动物模型的使用已越来越多地扩展到许多人类疾病。本综述记录了兔子作为治疗药物和疫苗开发以及研究许多人类疾病的细胞和分子机制的可靠疾病模型的持续广泛应用。这些疾病包括梅毒、结核病、HIV-AIDS、急性肝衰竭以及诺如病毒、眼部疱疹和乳头瘤病毒引起的疾病。从 1881 年路易斯·巴斯德（Louis Pasteur）的狂犬病疫苗开始，兔子就被用于疫苗开发研究，今天仍在继续，目标包括可能导致失明的单纯疱疹病毒 1 型感染和 HIV-AIDS。此外，两种高度致命的病毒性疾病，兔出血性疾病和粘液瘤病，影响欧洲兔，并为了解脊椎动物宿主与病毒病原体之间的共同进化提供了独特的模型。
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