Cheng Andrew W Y, Lai Cynthia Y Y
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Front Psychiatry. 2023 Aug 10;14:1198302. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1198302. eCollection 2023.
This systematic review aimed to identify the risk factors and protective factors for parental stress in families with children with special educational needs. Studies have indicated that the wellbeing of families is related to the physical, psychological, and social conditions of the children, as well as the family functioning, stress coping strategies, and social and professional support of their parents. The parents of children with special educational needs experience high levels of parental stress. Identifying the associated risk factors and protective factors may shed light on the provision of interventions to promote the mental wellbeing of these parents.
Boolean operators were used to search multiple online databases, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were applied in this systematic review. Data were extracted into categories of population, age, region, the child's diagnosis, the stress-measuring instrument, and the risk factors and protective factors.
Twenty-six studies, including 5,169 parents and 3,726 children, were reviewed. The following four major risk factors and protective factors were found to be associated with parental stress: the sex of the parents, diagnosis-related coping issues, socioeconomic characteristics, and social isolation of the parents.
This systematic review identified four significant risk factors and protective factors related to social support from couples, family members, and social circles. Various agencies may provide financial and manpower assistance and professional support and services to improve the parents' knowledge and coping skills, as well as affectional support, early screening, and continuous assessment of the parents' progress. Social policies and interventions offering continuous and diagnosis-related support to the parents of children with special educational needs are highly recommended.
本系统评价旨在确定有特殊教育需求儿童家庭中父母压力的风险因素和保护因素。研究表明，家庭的幸福与孩子的身体、心理和社会状况有关，也与家庭功能、压力应对策略以及父母的社会和专业支持有关。有特殊教育需求儿童的父母经历着高水平的父母压力。确定相关的风险因素和保护因素可能有助于为促进这些父母的心理健康提供干预措施。
使用布尔运算符搜索多个在线数据库，并在本系统评价中应用系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目指南。数据被提取到人口、年龄、地区、孩子的诊断、压力测量工具以及风险因素和保护因素等类别中。
共审查了26项研究，包括5169名父母和3726名儿童。发现以下四个主要风险因素和保护因素与父母压力有关：父母的性别、与诊断相关的应对问题、社会经济特征以及父母的社会隔离。
本系统评价确定了与来自伴侣、家庭成员和社交圈的社会支持相关的四个重要风险因素和保护因素。各机构可提供财政和人力援助以及专业支持和服务，以提高父母的知识和应对技能，以及情感支持、早期筛查和对父母进展的持续评估。强烈建议出台社会政策和干预措施，为有特殊教育需求儿童的父母提供持续的、与诊断相关的支持。
