Peng Ling, Liu Xiao Xia, He Liu, Tian Meng, Ge Shun Feng, Jiang Yuan Mao
College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/ State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai' an 271018, Shandong, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2018 May;29(5):1412-1420. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201805.024.
To explore the effects of different fulvic acid application rates on N-urea absorption, utilization, residue amount, loss and fruit yield and quality, fifteen-year-old 'Red General'/ Malus micromalus Makino was selected as experiment material by using the N-labeled tracer technique. Five treatments were established: single urea (CK), combination of urea and fulvic acid with varied rates (NF, NF, NF and NF represented 75, 150, 300 and 450 kg·hm fulvic acid application rates, respectively). The main results were as follows: the N derived from fertilizer (Ndff) in root, one-year-old branch and leaf were displayed with an order of NF>NF>NF>NF>CK at the fruit maturity stage, and significant difference was observed in Ndff value among the five treatments. The total N content and N absorption amount were highest in NF, followed by NF, and lowest in CK. Compared with CK, the N utilization rate in NF, NF, NF and NF was increased by 14.2%, 33.5%, 64.2% and 50.0%, and the N loss rate was decreased by 9.1%, 18.5%, 37.1% and 28.7% respectively. The residue amount of N-urea varied across different treatments, and that in 0-60 cm soil layer under combination of urea and fulvic acid was significantly higher than CK, with the highest value occurred in NF, while it was lower than CK in 60-100 cm soil layer. In comparison with CK treatment, the largest increment of yield per plant and net income appeared in NF, with an enhancement of 15.8% and 20.2%, respectively. In addition, the fruit hardness, soluble solid and sugar-acid ratio reached the highest value in NF. Considering the responses of fruit yield and N utilization efficiency, the suitable fulvic acid application rate was 326.41-350.61 kg·hm.
为探究不同黄腐酸施用量对尿素氮吸收、利用、残留量、损失以及果实产量和品质的影响，以15年生‘红将军’/ 苹果（Malus micromalus Makino）为试验材料，采用¹⁵N示踪技术。设置了5个处理：单施尿素（CK），尿素与不同施用量黄腐酸配施（NF₁、NF₂、NF₃和NF₄分别代表黄腐酸施用量为75、150、300和450 kg·hm⁻²）。主要结果如下：果实成熟时，根系、一年生枝和叶片中肥料氮（Ndff）表现为NF₄>NF₃>NF₂>NF₁>CK，5个处理间Ndff值差异显著。总氮含量和氮吸收量以NF₃最高，其次是NF₄，CK最低。与CK相比，NF₁、NF₂、NF₃和NF₄处理的氮利用率分别提高了14.2%、33.5%、64.2%和50.0%，氮损失率分别降低了9.1%、18.5%、37.1%和28.7%。尿素氮残留量因处理不同而变化，尿素与黄腐酸配施处理0 - 60 cm土层显著高于CK，以NF₃最高，而60 - 100 cm土层低于CK。与CK处理相比，单株产量和纯收入增幅最大的是NF₃，分别提高了15.8%和20.2%。此外，果实硬度、可溶性固形物和糖酸比在NF₃处理时达到最高值。综合果实产量和氮利用效率响应，适宜的黄腐酸施用量为326.41 - 350.61 kg·hm⁻²。
