Sha Jian Chuan, Wang Fen, Tian Ge, Yu Bo, Ge Shun Feng, Jiang Yuan Mao
College of Horticultural Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2018 May;29(5):1421-1428. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201805.022.
Taking a six-year old 'Orin' apple tree plantation ('Orin'/SH6/ Malus micromalus Makino) as test material, the effects of common urea treatment (CU), bag-controlled release ferti-lizers treatment (BCRF) and controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer treatment (CRNF) on N-urea absorption, utilization, loss and accumulation dynamics of nitrogen content in 0-80 cm soil layer were investigated by N labeled tracer method. The results showed that compared with CU treatment, both CRNF and BCRF treatments increased the inorganic nitrogen content in soil at the late stage of apple growth, the leaf SPAD value, leaf nitrogen content, net photosynthetic rate and N derived from fertilizer (Ndff value) of different organs at fruit maturity stage, with CRNF showing stronger effects than BCRF. The amount of N residue in 0-40 cm soil layer showed a decreasing trend in different phenological stages. The amount of N residue was the highest in CRNF, followed by BCRF, and the lowest in CU, among which CRNF declined gently with N residue mainly concentrated in the 0-40 cm soil layer. N residue in 40-80 cm soil layer showed an increasing trend in different phenological stages, which was the highest in CU, followed by BCRF, and the lowest in CRNF, and that of CRNF increased gently. The N fertilizer utilization rate of CRNF was 32.6% at fruit maturity stage, which was 1.11 and 1.56 times as high as that of BCRF and CU, whereas its N loss rate was 21.6%, being obviously lower than BCRF (35.6%) and CU (59.6%). CRNF significantly improved fruit yield and quality and increased economic benefits.
以6年生‘王林’苹果树人工林（‘王林’/SH6/ 苹果）为试验材料，采用N素标记示踪法研究了普通尿素处理（CU）、包膜控释肥处理（BCRF）和控释氮肥处理（CRNF）对0-80 cm土层中尿素态氮吸收、利用、损失及氮素积累动态的影响。结果表明，与CU处理相比，CRNF和BCRF处理均提高了苹果生长后期土壤无机氮含量、果实成熟阶段不同器官的叶片SPAD值、叶片含氮量、净光合速率及肥料氮贡献率（Ndff值），且CRNF处理效果强于BCRF处理。不同物候期0-40 cm土层氮残留量呈下降趋势，其中CRNF处理氮残留量最高，其次为BCRF处理，CU处理最低，且CRNF处理下降平缓，氮残留主要集中在0-40 cm土层。40-80 cm土层氮残留量在不同物候期呈上升趋势，其中CU处理最高，其次为BCRF处理，CRNF处理最低，且CRNF处理上升平缓。果实成熟阶段CRNF处理氮肥利用率为32.6%，分别是BCRF处理和CU处理的1.11倍和1.56倍，其氮损失率为21.6%，明显低于BCRF处理（35.6%）和CU处理（59.6%）。CRNF处理显著提高了果实产量和品质，增加了经济效益。
