Krempely Kate, Karam Rachid
Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, California 92656, USA.
Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud. 2018 Aug 1;4(4). doi: 10.1101/mcs.a003012. Print 2018 Aug.
Most truncating () pathogenic alterations confer an elevated lifetime risk of diffuse gastric cancer (DGC) and lobular breast cancer (LBC). However, transcripts containing carboxy-terminal premature stop codons have been demonstrated to escape the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway, and gastric and breast cancer risks associated with these truncations should be carefully evaluated. A female patient underwent multigene panel testing because of a personal history of invasive LBC diagnosed at age 54, which identified the germline nonsense alteration, c.2506G>T (p.Glu836*), in the last exon of the gene. Subsequent parental testing for the alteration was negative and additional short tandem repeat analysis confirmed the familial relationships and the de novo occurrence in the proband. Based on the de novo occurrence, clinical history, and rarity in general population databases, this alteration was classified as a likely pathogenic variant. This is the most carboxy-terminal pathogenic alteration reported to date. Additionally, this alteration contributed to the classification of six other upstream carboxy-terminal truncating variants as pathogenic or likely pathogenic. Identifying the most distal pathogenic alteration provides evidence to classify other carboxy-terminal truncating variants as either pathogenic or benign, a fundamental step to offering presymptomatic screening and prophylactic procedures to the appropriate patients.
大多数截短型()致病改变会使弥漫性胃癌(DGC)和小叶性乳腺癌(LBC)的终生风险升高。然而,已证实含有羧基末端过早终止密码子的转录本可逃避无义介导的mRNA降解途径,因此与这些截短相关的胃癌和乳腺癌风险应仔细评估。一名女性患者因54岁时被诊断为浸润性LBC的个人病史而接受了多基因检测,检测发现该基因最后一个外显子存在种系无义改变,即c.2506G>T(p.Glu836*)。随后对该改变进行的亲代检测为阴性,额外的短串联重复序列分析证实了家族关系以及该改变在先证者中的新发情况。基于新发情况、临床病史以及在一般人群数据库中的罕见性,该改变被分类为可能的致病变异。这是迄今为止报道的最羧基末端的致病改变。此外,该改变促使其他六个上游羧基末端截短型变异被分类为致病或可能致病。确定最远端的致病改变为将其他羧基末端截短型变异分类为致病或良性提供了证据,这是为合适的患者提供症状前筛查和预防性程序的关键一步。