Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, 66506, USA.
Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, 66506, USA.
Sci Rep. 2018 May 25;8(1):8164. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-26540-z.
Formaldehyde-based feed additives are approved in the US for Salmonella control and reducing bacterial contamination in animal feed. However, we hypothesize formaldehyde inclusion in swine diets may influence gut microbial composition due to its antimicrobial properties which might negatively influence microbial populations and pig growth performance. Also, formaldehyde inclusion in diets is known to reduce the dietary availability of amino acids. Therefore, our study was conducted to characterize if the effects of feed formaldehyde-treatment are due to influences on microbial population or diet amino acid (AA) sources. Dietary treatments were arranged in a (2 × 2) + 1 factorial with formaldehyde treatment (none vs. 1000 ppm formaldehyde) and crystalline AA inclusion (low vs. high) with deficient AA content plus a positive control diet to contain adequate AA content without dietary formaldehyde. Treating diets with formaldehyde reduced growth rate (P = 0.001) while the AA inclusion had no evidence of impact. Formaldehyde reduced feed bacterial content and altered fecal microbial communities (P < 0.05). Therefore, we conclude that the negative influence on growth was due to the impact on the fecal microbial community. Implications are that strategies for feed pathogen control need to take into account potential negative impacts on the gut microbial community.
基于甲醛的饲料添加剂已获得美国批准，可用于控制沙门氏菌和减少动物饲料中的细菌污染。然而，我们假设甲醛添加到猪饲料中可能会因其抗菌特性而影响肠道微生物组成，这可能会对微生物种群和猪的生长性能产生负面影响。此外，已知饲料中添加甲醛会降低氨基酸的膳食利用率。因此，我们进行了这项研究，以确定饲料甲醛处理的影响是否是由于对微生物种群或饮食氨基酸（AA）来源的影响。饮食处理采用（2×2）+1 因子设计，包括甲醛处理（无 vs. 1000 ppm 甲醛）和结晶 AA 添加（低 vs. 高），低 AA 含量加上阳性对照饮食，以含有足够的 AA 含量而不添加饮食甲醛。用甲醛处理日粮会降低生长速度（P=0.001），而 AA 添加则没有证据表明有影响。甲醛降低了饲料细菌含量并改变了粪便微生物群落（P<0.05）。因此，我们得出结论，对生长的负面影响是由于对粪便微生物群落的影响。这意味着，用于控制饲料病原体的策略需要考虑到对肠道微生物群落的潜在负面影响。
