Choudhary Ratan K, Choudhary Shanti, Verma Ramneek
School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
Mol Biol Rep. 2018 Aug;45(4):581-590. doi: 10.1007/s11033-018-4196-6. Epub 2018 May 26.
Xanthosine is hypothesized to increase stem cell number by promoting symmetrical cell division. Stem cells, in particular mammary stem/progenitor cells are important for gland growth and tissue repair. Molecular mechanism of xanthosine effects on mammary tissue is very limited therefore, a detailed study is warranted. The objective of this study was to evaluate transcriptomic changes in mammary gland infused/not infused with xanthosine of lactating goat. Seven primiparous Beetal goats on day 5 after kidding, were selected for the study. One gland of each goat was infused with xanthosine (TRT gland) twice daily for 3 days while the other gland did not receive any xanthosine and served as control (CON gland). Biopsy of mammary tissues was taken from TRT and CON glands, 2 days after the last day of treatment that is on day 10 after kidding. Illumina RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed for global gene expression analysis of contralateral glands. Of 382 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 372 genes were annotated to the goat genome. Gene ontology analyses revealed majority of the DEGs to be associated with metabolic pathways (glycan and lipid metabolism), biosynthesis of antibiotics and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signalling pathways. These molecular pathways are either directly or indirectly involved with lipid metabolism in mammary tissue and host adaptive immune response. Expression of stem cell marker namely aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes (ALDH1A1, ALDH3B1) were upregulated in the treatment gland. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analyses of selected DEGs showed their expression profiles to be in agreement with results of RNA-seq. To our knowledge, this is the first study that describes effects of xanthosine on transcriptomic changes of mammary tissue. This information can be used further to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying effects of xanthosine to improve production potential and udder health.
黄苷被认为可通过促进对称细胞分裂来增加干细胞数量。干细胞，尤其是乳腺干/祖细胞，对腺体生长和组织修复非常重要。然而，黄苷对乳腺组织影响的分子机制非常有限，因此有必要进行详细研究。本研究的目的是评估哺乳期山羊乳腺注入/未注入黄苷后的转录组变化。选择7只初产的比塔尔山羊，在产羔后第5天进行研究。每只山羊的一个腺体每天两次注入黄苷（TRT腺体），持续3天，而另一个腺体不接受任何黄苷，作为对照（CON腺体）。在治疗的最后一天即产羔后第10天的2天后，从TRT和CON腺体采集乳腺组织活检样本。对侧腺体进行Illumina RNA测序（RNA-seq）以进行全局基因表达分析。在382个差异表达基因（DEG）中，372个基因被注释到山羊基因组。基因本体分析显示，大多数DEG与代谢途径（聚糖和脂质代谢）、抗生素生物合成和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体信号通路相关。这些分子途径直接或间接参与乳腺组织中的脂质代谢和宿主适应性免疫反应。干细胞标志物醛脱氢酶（ALDH1A1、ALDH3B1）在治疗腺体中的表达上调。对选定DEG的实时定量PCR（RT-qPCR）分析表明，它们的表达谱与RNA-seq结果一致。据我们所知，这是第一项描述黄苷对乳腺组织转录组变化影响的研究。这些信息可进一步用于剖析黄苷作用的分子机制，以提高生产潜力和乳房健康。
