从青少年反社会行为轨迹的偏离：进入成年早期的反社会行为稳定性的情境和神经调节因素。
Deflections from adolescent trajectories of antisocial behavior: contextual and neural moderators of antisocial behavior stability into emerging adulthood.
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
出版信息
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2018 Oct;59(10):1073-1082. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12931. Epub 2018 May 28.
BACKGROUND
Early adulthood is a critical period when young men involved in antisocial behavior (AB) may desist. Factors including marriage and employment have been shown to predict desistance, but little work has examined whether biological factors (e.g. neural reactivity) predict deflections from lifelong AB trajectories.
METHODS
We examined the continuity of, or desistance from, AB in early adulthood using group-based trajectories of AB across adolescence in a sample of 242 men from low-income, urban families. We examined contextual factors (romantic relationship quality, employment, neighborhood danger) and neural factors (amygdala reactivity to fearful faces, ventral striatum reactivity to reward) as moderators of the continuity of AB from adolescence (age 10-17) into early adulthood (age 22-23), and whether these pathways differed by race.
RESULTS
High relationship satisfaction and employment at age 20 predicted decreased AB at age 22-23, but only among men with adolescent-onset/moderate AB trajectories. Ventral striatum reactivity predicted continued AB, but only among African-American men with early-starting AB. Amygdala reactivity to fearful faces was related to later AB for those in the early-starting group, but in divergent directions depending on race: amygdala reactivity to fearful faces was positively related to AB in European-Americans and negatively related to AB among African-Americans.
CONCLUSIONS
Contextual factors only predicted deflections of AB in those engaged in late-starting, moderate levels of AB, whereas neural factors predicted continued AB only in those with early-starting, severe AB, and in divergent ways based on participant race. Though there is limited power to infer causality from this observational design, research on desistance broadly can contribute to informing personalized interventions for those engaged in serious adolescence AB.
背景
青年早期是一个关键时期，此时参与反社会行为（AB）的年轻人可能会停止这种行为。已经有研究表明，婚姻和就业等因素可以预测其停止，但是很少有研究探讨生物因素（例如神经反应性）是否可以预测其终生 AB 轨迹的偏离。
方法
我们使用基于群组的 AB 轨迹方法，在一个来自低收入城市家庭的 242 名男性样本中，研究了 AB 在青少年时期的连续性或停止。我们研究了情境因素（浪漫关系质量、就业、邻里危险）和神经因素（杏仁核对恐惧面孔的反应性、腹侧纹状体对奖励的反应性）是否可以调节 AB 从青春期（10-17 岁）到成年早期（22-23 岁）的连续性，以及这些途径是否因种族而异。
结果
20 岁时的高关系满意度和就业预测 22-23 岁时的 AB 减少，但仅在具有青少年发病/中等 AB 轨迹的男性中。腹侧纹状体的反应性预测 AB 的持续存在，但仅在具有早期开始的 AB 的非洲裔美国男性中。对于处于早期开始组的人，杏仁核对恐惧面孔的反应性与后来的 AB 有关，但取决于种族的不同而有所不同：对于欧洲裔美国人，杏仁核对恐惧面孔的反应性与 AB 呈正相关，而对于非洲裔美国人，杏仁核对恐惧面孔的反应性与 AB 呈负相关。
结论
情境因素仅预测了开始较晚、中等水平 AB 的人的 AB 偏离，而神经因素仅预测了具有早期开始、严重 AB 的人的 AB 持续存在，并且根据参与者的种族以不同的方式预测 AB。尽管从这种观察性设计中推断因果关系的能力有限，但关于停止的研究可以为那些从事严重青少年 AB 的人提供个性化干预措施的信息。
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