Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, United Kingdom.
Department of Psychiatry and School of Medicine, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America.
Addiction. 2018 Nov;113(11):2041-2050. doi: 10.1111/add.14280. Epub 2018 Jun 27.
Evidence demonstrating an association between parental alcohol use and offspring alcohol use from robust prospective studies is lacking. We tested the direct and indirect associations between parental and young adult alcohol use via early alcohol initiation, parental monitoring and associating with deviant peers.
Prospective birth cohort study. Path analysis was used to assess the possible association between parental alcohol use (assessed at 12 years) and alcohol use in young adults (assessed at 18 years) via potential mediators (assessed at 14 and 15.5 years, respectively).
South West England.
Data were available on 3785 adolescents and their parents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.
The continuous Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score was used as the primary outcome measure. Maternal alcohol use was defined as light (< 4 units on any day), moderate (≥ 4 units on 1-3 days) and high-risk (≥ 4 units on ≥ 4 days in 1 week). Partner alcohol use was also defined as light, moderate and high risk. Socio-economic variables were included as covariates.
There was strong evidence of a total effect from maternal alcohol use to young adult alcohol use [moderate: b = 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.64, 1.49, P < 0.001; high risk: b = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.07, 2.35, P < 0.001]. The majority of this association was explained through early alcohol initiation (moderate: b = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.04, 0.25, P = 0.01; high risk: b = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.07, 0.40, P < 0.01) and early alcohol initiation/associating with deviant peers (moderate: b = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.02, 0.10, P < 0.01; high risk: b = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.03, 0.16, P < 0.01). There was strong evidence of a remaining direct effect (moderate: b = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.39, 1.22, P < 0.001; high risk: b = 1.28, 95% CI = 0.65, 1.91, P < 0.001). A similar pattern of results was evident for partner alcohol use.
Young adults whose parents have moderate or high-risk alcohol consumption are more likely to consume alcohol than those with parents with lower alcohol consumption. This association appears to be partly accounted for by earlier alcohol use initiation and higher prevalence of association with deviant peers.
缺乏强有力的前瞻性研究来证明父母饮酒与子女饮酒之间存在关联。我们通过早期饮酒开始、父母监督和与行为不良的同龄人交往，检验了父母和年轻成年人饮酒之间的直接和间接关联。
前瞻性出生队列研究。路径分析用于评估父母饮酒（12 岁时评估）与年轻人饮酒（18 岁时评估）之间的可能关联，通过潜在的中介因素（分别在 14 岁和 15.5 岁评估）。
英格兰西南部。
来自英国埃文纵向研究父母与孩子的数据可用于 3785 名青少年及其父母。
连续的酒精使用障碍识别测试 (AUDIT) 分数用作主要结局测量。母亲饮酒定义为轻度（<4 单位，任何一天）、中度（≥4 单位，1-3 天）和高风险（≥4 单位，每周 4 天或以上）。伴侣饮酒也被定义为轻度、中度和高风险。纳入社会经济变量作为协变量。
有强有力的证据表明，母亲饮酒与年轻人饮酒之间存在总效应[中度：b=1.07，95%置信区间（CI）=0.64，1.49，P<0.001；高风险：b=1.71，95%CI=1.07，2.35，P<0.001]。这种关联的大部分可以通过早期饮酒开始（中度：b=0.14，95%CI=0.04，0.25，P=0.01；高风险：b=0.24，95%CI=0.07，0.40，P<0.01）和早期饮酒开始/与行为不良的同龄人交往（中度：b=0.06，95%CI=0.02，0.10，P<0.01；高风险：b=0.10，95%CI=0.03，0.16，P<0.01）来解释。仍然存在强有力的直接影响证据（中度：b=0.81，95%CI=0.39，1.22，P<0.001；高风险：b=1.28，95%CI=0.65，1.91，P<0.001）。伴侣饮酒也出现了类似的结果模式。
父母有中度或高风险饮酒的年轻人比父母饮酒量较低的年轻人更有可能饮酒。这种关联似乎部分归因于早期饮酒开始和与行为不良的同龄人交往的更高发生率。
