Popescu Sandu, Sainz Ana Belén, Short Anthony J, Winter Andreas
H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK.
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 2Y5.
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2018 Jul 13;376(2123). doi: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0111.
We construct a quantum reference frame, which can be used to approximately implement arbitrary unitary transformations on a system in the presence of any number of extensive conserved quantities, by absorbing any back action provided by the conservation laws. Thus, the reference frame at the same time acts as a battery for the conserved quantities. Our construction features a physically intuitive, clear and implementation-friendly realization. Indeed, the reference system is composed of the same types of subsystems as the original system and is finite for any desired accuracy. In addition, the interaction with the reference frame can be broken down into two-body terms coupling the system to one of the reference frame subsystems at a time. We apply this construction to quantum thermodynamic set-ups with multiple, possibly non-commuting conserved quantities, which allows for the definition of explicit batteries in such cases.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Foundations of quantum mechanics and their impact on contemporary society'.
我们构建了一个量子参考系，通过吸收守恒定律提供的任何反作用，该参考系可用于在存在任意数量的广延守恒量的情况下，对一个系统近似实现任意酉变换。因此，该参考系同时充当守恒量的电池。我们的构建具有物理直观、清晰且易于实现的特点。实际上，参考系统由与原始系统相同类型的子系统组成，并且对于任何所需精度都是有限的。此外，与参考系的相互作用可以分解为一次将系统与参考系子系统之一耦合的两体项。我们将此构建应用于具有多个可能不对易守恒量的量子热力学设置，这使得在这种情况下能够定义明确的电池。本文是“量子力学基础及其对当代社会的影响”讨论会议文集的一部分。
