Grangier P, Auffèves A
Laboratoire Charles Fabry, IOGS, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau, France.
CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Néel, 38042 Grenoble, France
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2018 Jul 13;376(2123). doi: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0322.
It is often said that quantum and classical randomness are of different nature, the former being ontological and the latter epistemological. However, so far the question of 'What is quantum in quantum randomness?', i.e. what is the impact of quantization and discreteness on the nature of randomness, remains to be answered. In a first part, we make explicit the differences between quantum and classical randomness within a recently proposed ontology for quantum mechanics based on contextual objectivity. In this view, quantum randomness is the result of contextuality and quantization. We show that this approach strongly impacts the purposes of quantum theory as well as its areas of application. In particular, it challenges current programmes inspired by classical reductionism, aiming at the emergence of the classical world from a large number of quantum systems. In a second part, we analyse quantum physics and thermodynamics as theories of randomness, unveiling their mutual influences. We finally consider new technological applications of quantum randomness that have opened up in the emerging field of quantum thermodynamics.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Foundations of quantum mechanics and their impact on contemporary society'.
人们常说，量子随机性和经典随机性性质不同，前者是本体论的，后者是认识论的。然而，到目前为止，“量子随机性中的量子是什么？”这个问题，即量子化和离散性对随机性本质有何影响，仍有待回答。在第一部分中，我们在最近基于语境客观性提出的量子力学本体论框架内，明确了量子随机性和经典随机性之间的差异。按照这种观点，量子随机性是语境性和量子化的结果。我们表明，这种方法对量子理论的目的及其应用领域有重大影响。特别是，它对当前受经典还原论启发的方案提出了挑战，这些方案旨在从大量量子系统中涌现出经典世界。在第二部分中，我们将量子物理学和热力学作为随机性理论进行分析，揭示它们之间的相互影响。我们最后考虑了量子随机性在新兴的量子热力学领域中所带来的新技术应用。本文是“量子力学基础及其对当代社会的影响”讨论会议文集的一部分。
