Farrell P A
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1985 Feb;17(1):89-93.
The discovery of the endogenous opiates in the mid-1970's has led to a tremendous scientific effort attempting to determine the physiological role of these peptides. An increase in the peripheral plasma levels of beta-endorphin in humans after exercise has been noted by all investigators to date. This indication that the endogenous opiate system is activated during exercise should stimulate investigators to use exercise and training as models to aid in the understanding of these peptides. Unlike most other endocrines, plasma levels of beta-endorphin do not increase proportionally to work intensity. This conclusion is based on only one study and requires corroboration. All human studies to date have used radioimmunoassays, with one exception, and interestingly that study showed no consistent change in plasma levels of leucine enkephalin-like radioreceptor assayable ligands. In males, essentially no information is available concerning the effects of training on either acute or chronic responses to exercise. Studies using opiate antagonists (receptor type-specific) in human and animal models should prove useful in establishing or disproving roles for these peptides in appetite, pain perception, temperature regulation, metabolism, ventilation, and blood pressure control during exercise.
20世纪70年代中期内源性阿片类物质的发现引发了巨大的科研努力，旨在确定这些肽类的生理作用。迄今为止，所有研究人员都注意到，运动后人体外周血中β-内啡肽的血浆水平会升高。这表明内源性阿片系统在运动过程中被激活，应促使研究人员将运动和训练作为模型，以帮助理解这些肽类。与大多数其他内分泌物质不同，β-内啡肽的血浆水平并不与工作强度成比例增加。这一结论仅基于一项研究，需要进一步证实。迄今为止，所有人体研究都使用了放射免疫分析法，只有一项研究例外，有趣的是，该项研究表明，血浆中亮氨酸脑啡肽样放射受体可测定配体的水平没有一致变化。在男性中，关于训练对运动急性或慢性反应的影响，基本上没有相关信息。在人类和动物模型中使用阿片拮抗剂（受体类型特异性）的研究，对于确定或否定这些肽类在运动期间的食欲、疼痛感知、体温调节、代谢、通气和血压控制中的作用应是有用的。
