Heitkamp H C, Huber W, Scheib K
Medical Clinic and Polyclinic, Department of Sportsmedicine, Tübingen, Germany.
Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1996;72(5-6):417-24. doi: 10.1007/BF00242270.
Investigations of exercise-induced increases in beta-endorphin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol concentration have been carried out mainly in men. Data concerning the female reaction are sparse and less clear. In a comparison between incremental exercise and marathon running 14 experienced female marathon runners volunteered to run to exhaustion according to an incremental treadmill protocol. They ran a marathon 4 weeks later. Blood was analysed for beta-endorphin, ACTH and cortisol concentration immediately prior to the laboratory treadmill test, 3, 30 and 60 min later, as well as prior to the marathon, after 60 min and 120 min of running and 3, 30 min, and 24 h after completion of the run. At each blood collection, lactate concentration, heart frequency and perceived exertion were determined. The mean marathon running time was 3.22 h. Baseline concentrations for beta-endorphin of 22 pmol.l-1 before the marathon and 19 pmol.l-1 before the treadmill exercise increased 1.4-fold 30 min after the marathon and 1.9-fold after the treadmill exercise; for ACTH the baseline of 4.7 and 4.0 pmol.l-1 was increased by 8.3- and 10.3-fold, respectively. Cortisol concentration rose exponentially from a baseline 17 micrograms.dl-1 and peaked at 2.2-fold 30 min after the run, when the maximal concentration also had been reached after the treadmill test, increasing 1.3-fold from a baseline of 21 micrograms.dl-1. The maximal values for cortisol concentration after both exercises differed from each other, while the maxima of ACTH and beta-endorphin concentrations were similar. The ACTH and beta-endorphin concentration declined more slowly during the recovery after the marathon than after the treadmill. Cortisol concentration was below baseline 24 h later. In comparison with men studied earlier, female marathon runners showed higher baseline concentrations and lesser increases in beta-endorphin and lower baseline concentrations and larger increases in ACTH concentration after both types of exercise. The delayed decrease in concentration of the hormones after the marathon was similar in male and female runners.
关于运动诱导β-内啡肽、促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）和皮质醇浓度增加的研究主要在男性中进行。有关女性反应的数据稀少且不太明确。在一项将递增运动与马拉松跑步进行比较的研究中，14名经验丰富的女性马拉松运动员根据递增式跑步机方案自愿跑至力竭。4周后她们参加了一场马拉松比赛。在实验室跑步机测试前、测试后3分钟、30分钟和60分钟，以及马拉松比赛前、跑步60分钟和120分钟后、跑完后3分钟、30分钟和24小时，对血液进行β-内啡肽、ACTH和皮质醇浓度分析。每次采血时，测定乳酸浓度、心率和主观用力程度。马拉松平均跑步时间为3.22小时。马拉松前β-内啡肽的基线浓度为22 pmol·l⁻¹，跑步机运动前为19 pmol·l⁻¹，马拉松后30分钟增加1.4倍，跑步机运动后增加1.9倍；ACTH的基线浓度分别为4.7和4.0 pmol·l⁻¹，分别增加8.3倍和10.3倍。皮质醇浓度从基线17 μg·dl⁻¹呈指数上升，在跑步后30分钟达到峰值2.2倍，此时跑步机测试后也达到了最大浓度，从基线21 μg·dl⁻¹增加1.3倍。两种运动后皮质醇浓度的最大值彼此不同，而ACTH和β-内啡肽浓度的最大值相似。马拉松后恢复过程中ACTH和β-内啡肽浓度下降比跑步机运动后更慢。24小时后皮质醇浓度低于基线。与早期研究的男性相比，女性马拉松运动员在两种运动后β-内啡肽的基线浓度更高、增加幅度更小，ACTH的基线浓度更低、增加幅度更大。马拉松后激素浓度下降延迟在男性和女性跑步者中相似。
